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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>苗族老被面 The Miao Old Jacket Trim</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）被面主要为蓝色调，采用了不同深浅的蓝色丝线制作，佐以米色和卡其色的点缀，整体甚富层次感，朴素大方，低调而不失美感。此被面运用了素锦的制作技艺。苗族织锦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是广泛用于制作衣服的物料，除了构图对称精美，图案丰富多变，也反映着苗族的历史和社会形态。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao jacket with trim: mainly in blue tones and made with silk threads of shades of blue. Embellished with beige and khaki colours for a layered, simplistic and elegant effect. Plain brocade is used. Brocade is a vital part of the Miao people’s lives and is commonly used on garments. Brocade features intricate and symmetrical composition and the patterns can vary greatly from piece to piece. The variety and richness of the patterns reflect the long history and social structures of the Miao people.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）被面主要為藍色調，採用了不同深淺的藍色絲線製作，佐以米色和卡其色的點綴，整體甚富層次感，樸素大方，低調而不失美感。此被面運用了素錦的製作技藝。苗族織錦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是廣泛用於製作衣服的物料，除了構圖對稱精美，圖案豐富多變，也反映著苗族的歷史和社會形態。</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县谷陇镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County Gulong Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/56"&gt;织锦老背面 Brocade Old Jacket Trim (#461)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>剑河围腰 Jianhe Bellyband</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，大的万福图纹 Big Wanfu pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰主要采用了黑白两色，朴素简约，典雅大方。此围腰运用了素锦的制作技艺。织锦图案为紧密相连的大矩形，里面用大幅的万福图纹填满，构图饱满，对称工整，做工仔细。万福图纹在古代有吉祥好运的寓意，在古老的彩陶和钱币上均有发现过万福图纹，历史悠久，意涵深远。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Jianhe bellyband: simple yet elegant black and white bellyband with rectangular patterns. Plain brocade is used. The adjoining rectangles are filled with Wanfu patterns. The Wanfu pattern traditionally symbolizes good luck and has been found on painted pottery and coins dating back to the ancient times.  The patterns and embroidery on this bellyband have deep meanings and a long history.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰主要採用了黑白兩色，樸素簡約，典雅大方。此圍腰運用了素錦的製作技藝。織錦圖案為緊密相連的大矩形，裡面用大幅的萬福圖紋填滿，構圖飽滿，對稱工整，做工仔細。萬福圖紋在古代有吉祥好運的寓意，在古老的彩陶和錢幣上均有發現過萬福圖紋，歷史悠久，意涵深遠。  &#13;
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>凯里市剑河县南寨乡 Kaili City Jianhe County Nanzhai Village</text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>丛江苗族织锦头帕 Congjiang Miao Brocade Headscarf </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geometric pattern，几何蝴蝶纹 Geometric butterfly pattern，几何花纹 Geometric flower pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern，菱纹 Rhombic pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦头帕为长形的白色织物，上面织有黑色的图纹，主要为几何图案，如几何蝴蝶纹、菱纹、曲折纹等等。此织锦头帕运用了素锦的制作技艺。藏品的独特之处在于图案设计，整张头帕都由若干小段的几何纹组合而成，每一段都用了不同的图案，饰纹丰富多样。除了可见制作者之工艺精湛，亦在织锦图案方面极富创造力。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Congjiang Miao brocade headscarf: a long piece of white garment with woven black patterns. The patterns are rich and varied, mainly geometric and include butterflies, rhombus and zigzag patterns. Plain brocade is used. The uniqueness of the headscarf is in its pattern design. The whole headscarf is composed of several small sections of geometric patterns, each section with a different pattern. The creator of this headscarf possessed exceptional craftsmanship and creativity in designing brocade patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦頭帕為長形的白色織物，上面織有黑色的圖紋，主要為幾何圖案，如幾何蝴蝶紋、菱紋、曲折紋等等。此織錦頭帕運用了素錦的製作技藝。藏品的獨特之處在於圖案設計，整張頭帕都由若干小段的幾何紋組合而成，每一段都用了不同的圖案，飾紋豐富多樣。除了可見製作者之工藝精湛，亦在織錦圖案方面極富創造力。&#13;
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州从江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Congjiang County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------knot-stitch"&gt;打籽绣 Knot stitch&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geometric pattern，鸟纹 Bird pattern，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，云雷纹</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的底布和刺绣部分都采用了较深沉的色调，如深红色、淡绿色和紫蓝色，朴素简约。此背带运用了彩锦和打籽绣。刺绣图案集中在中间部分，主要是相连的几何纹，构图精细，排列紧密。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作，是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分。每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao baby carrying belt: the base fabric and embroidery use dark tones such as crimson, light green and bluish-purple, creating a ** effect. Coloured brocade and knot stitch are used. The embroidery patterns are concentrated around the centre, and are mainly connected geometric patterns, with fine composition and compact arrangement. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery.  Each baby carrying belt is time consuming and laborious to make and is a beautiful display of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的底布和刺繡部分都採用了較深沉的色調，如深紅色、淡綠色和紫藍色，樸素簡約。此背帶運用了彩錦和打籽繡。刺繡圖案集中在中間部分，主要是相連的幾何紋，構圖精細，排列緊密。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作，是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分。每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝願。</text>
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                <text>台江县革一镇革一乡 Taijiang County Geyi Town Geyi Village</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------satin-stitch"&gt;刺花 Satin stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;织锦 Brocade&lt;/a&gt;，螺旋纹 Whirlpool pattern，龙纹 Dragon pattern，云雷纹 Fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）螺丝衣的底色过于深沉，用金色的丝线刺绣，便能将服饰上的图案衬托得更加醒目亮丽。此螺丝衣运用了刺花和织锦。该套服饰由于年代十分久远，金色丝线颜色虽有褪去，但前胸和后背上精美的刺绣图案仍任在告诉人们它曾经的风采。尤其是两条无拘无束的绣龙，仿佛在游弋一般。至于那些螺旋纹则有待考证，有人说是牛头漩，有人说是漩涡纹，有人说是螺丝。我们推测是回纹的一种，成S状围绕。衣服下摆的织锦为素锦，图案也是中国非常古老的几何纹——雷纹的一种。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong costume: embroidered with golden coloured silk threads on a dark base colour, the sharp contrast of colours adds brightness to the patterns, making it more eye-catching. Satin stitch and brocade are used. Although the colour of the golden thread has faded with time, the exquisite embroidery gives hints of the former glamour of this costume. The two embroidered dragons are elegantly portrayed as soaring unfettered in the sky. While the whirlpool patterns are thought by some to be designed to mimic a bull’s head, others suggest that they are swirls or spirals, but no firm meaning has yet been confirmed. Our guess is that it is a circular letter pattern that forms an ‘S’ shape. The plain brocade on the hem of the dress features a fret pattern, one of the most ancient of Chinese geometric patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）螺絲衣的底色過於深沉，用金色的絲線刺繡，便能將服飾上的圖案襯托得更加醒目亮麗。此螺絲衣運用了刺花和織錦。該套服飾由於年代十分久遠，金色絲線顏色雖有褪去，但前胸和後背上精美的刺繡圖案仍任在告訴人們它曾經的風采。尤其是兩條無拘無束的繡龍，彷彿在游弋一般。至於那些螺旋紋則有待考證，有人說是牛頭漩，有人說是漩渦紋，有人說是螺絲。我們推測是迴紋的一種，成S狀圍繞。衣服下擺的織錦為素錦，圖案也是中國非常古老的幾何紋——雷紋的一種。&#13;
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                <text>革东苗族盛装服饰（套装 ）Gedong Miao Costume (set)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，八角星 Octagram pattern，万字纹 Gammadia，人纹 Human figures，回纹 Circular-letter pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）整套服饰分为上衣，围腰，百褶裙。该地区苗族服饰喜用黑、白、红三色，服饰通体黑色为主，织锦及刺绣部分大体采用红色及白色点缀。此服饰运用了彩锦、数纱绣和挑花。服饰的主要图案为八角星图案、万字纹、并列的小人、回纹、曲折纹等古老的几何纹饰。这些图案又都均匀地分布在大的菱形几何纹中，在衣服的后背、前胸、围腰上进行装饰点缀，工整而有序。整套服饰庄重、典雅，图案如天上繁星点缀般灵动。服饰上古老的图案仿佛印证着革东—这一苗族分支久远的历史。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gedong Miao costume: comprises three parts: (i) top coat, (ii) bellyband and (iii) pleated skirt. Black, white and red are commonly used in Gedong Miao costumes. Black often forms the base colour of the costume, with brocades and embroideries in red and white. Coloured brocade, counted thread stitch and crossing stitch are used. It is decorated with ancient geometric ornamentations, including octagram patterns (the octagonal star is an ancient astrological map first discovered at the Gaimiao cultural site with pottery slabs displaying the octagonal star pattern dating back 7,800 years), Gammadia (an ancient fulu often considered as symbols of sun and fire), juxtaposed human figures, circular letter patterns and zigzag patterns. These patterns are evenly distributed within larger rhombus shaped patterns that embellish the back, chest and waist areas of the costume. These neat and orderly decorations add glimmer and shimmer to the costume, echoing the ways in which stars dot and embellish our night sky.  The decorations complement the solemn and elegant nature of the costume. The ancient patterns on this costume are testimony to the rich history of the Gedongs, who are a branch of the Miao ethnic group. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）整套服飾分為上衣，圍腰，百褶裙。該地區苗族服飾喜用黑、白、紅三色，服飾通體黑色為主，織錦及刺繡部分大體採用紅色及白色點綴。此服飾運用了彩錦、數紗繡和挑花。服飾的主要圖案為八角星圖案、萬字紋、並列的小人、迴紋、曲折紋等古老的幾何紋飾。這些圖案又都均勻地分佈在大的菱形幾何紋中，在衣服的後背、前胸、圍腰上進行裝飾點綴，工整而有序。整套服飾莊重、典雅，圖案如天上繁星點綴般靈動。服飾上古老的圖案彷彿印證著革東—這一苗族分支久遠的歷史。</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州东部剑河县革东镇 Guizhou East Jianhe County Gedong Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，菱形图案 Rhombic pattern，八角星 Octagram pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背扇为米色和黑色，织纹由主要菱形和曲折纹组成，每个大菱形里面都饰有八角星和十字纹，纹样紧密排列，做工精细。此背扇运用了素锦的制作技艺。苗族织锦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是广泛用于制作衣服的物料，除了构图对称精美，图案丰富多变，也反映着苗族的历史和社会形态。  &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: beige and black with embroidered rhombic and zigzag patterns. The inside of each rhombus is decorated with tightly arranged and intricately stitched octagonal and cross patterns. This baby carrying belt also uses plain brocade techniques. Brocade is widely used by Miao for making clothes and is an indispensable part of their daily lives. Brocade has diverse patterns as well as being exquisitely symmetrical in composition. The variety and richness of the patterns reflect the long history and social structures of the Miao people. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背扇為米色和黑色，織紋由主要菱形和曲折紋組成，每個大菱形裡面都飾有八角星和十字紋，紋樣緊密排列，做工精細。此背扇運用了素錦的製作技藝。苗族織錦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是廣泛用於製作衣服的物料，除了構圖對稱精美，圖案豐富多變，也反映著苗族的歷史和社會形態。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#913</text>
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                <text>凯里市剑河县南寨乡 Kaili Jianhe County Nanzhai Village</text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>侗族织锦花片 The Dong Tapestry</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，各种形态的回纹 Various circular-letter pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦花片色彩较为深沉，用草绿色、紫红色、淡橘色点缀，古朴典雅，低调而不失美感。此织锦花片运用了彩锦。中心的织锦图案为大幅的曲折纹，用颜色和线条疏密制造出层次感，纹样丰富，颇具创造力。花片的边框则用了各种形态的回纹，较为规矩、简约，衬托了曲折纹的繁复细节。侗族彩锦是侗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，广泛用于制作围腰，背扇，被单等生活用品，图案对称规则，用色大胆丰富。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong tapestry: coloured brocade with darker coloured brocade flower pieces embellished with grass green, purple red and light orange to give an elegant, low-key aesthetic. The central brocade pattern is a large zigzag pattern, with different colours and line spacing to create a sense of layering. Patterns are diverse and reflect the artist’s creativity. The frame of the flower brocade uses various circular-letter patterns. The simplicity and neatness of the flower brocade frame complements the more detailed zigzag pattern. The Dong coloured brocade is an indispensable item in the lives of the Dong people. It is a material widely used to make clothes. In addition to the symmetrical and exquisite composition, the patterns are rich and varied.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦花片色彩較為深沉，用草綠色、紫紅色、淡橘色點綴，古樸典雅，低調而不失美感。此織錦花片運用了彩錦。中心的織錦圖案為大幅的曲折紋，用顏色和線條疏密製造出層次感，紋樣豐富，頗具創造力。花片的邊框則用了各種形態的迴紋，較為規矩、簡約，襯託了曲折紋的繁複細節。侗族彩錦是侗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，廣泛用於製作圍腰，背扇，被單等生活用品，圖案對稱規則，用色大膽豐富。</text>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                <text>织锦老背面 Brocade Old Jacket Trim</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，菱形纹 Rhombic pattern，井字纹 Oxford pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）老背面整体为蓝色调，主要采用了深蓝色和靛蓝色，图纹方面则用了米色，佐以两侧的短流苏，朴素大方，低调而不失美感。此老背面运用了素锦的制作技艺。在织锦图案方面，一样大小的菱形紧密排列，每个菱形里面都织有井字纹，做工精巧细心，可见制作者的仔细和认真。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade old jacket trim: dark blue and indigo with blue tones. Beige is used for the patterns, which are accompanied by short tassels on both flanks to give a simple, low-key aesthetic. Plain brocade is used. Rhombic patterns of the same size are closely arranged on the brocade. Within each rhombus, oxford patterns are woven, showcasing the exquisite and meticulous workmanship.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）老背面整體為藍色調，主要採用了深藍色和靛藍色，圖紋方面則用了米色，佐以兩側的短流蘇，樸素大方，低調而不失美感。此老背面運用了素錦的製作技藝。在織錦圖案方面，一樣大小的菱形緊密排列，每個菱形裡面都織有井字紋，做工精巧細心，可見製作者的仔細和認真。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/114"&gt;苗族老背面 The Miao Old Jacket Trim (#394)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>织锦背面 Brocade Jacket</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，鸟纹 Bird pattern，盆花 Flower pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背面中心织有大片红色彩锦，使用了金色和紫色的丝线制作，华丽秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛蓝色的边框，为藏品增添色彩，而又丝毫没有眼花撩乱。此背面运用了彩锦的制作技艺。中心部分的红色彩锦织有丰富的纹样，有蝴蝶纹、鸟纹和盆花，构图对称精巧，做工仔细，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade jacket: centre back woven with a large piece of red brocade using beautiful golden coloured and purple silk threads. The back section is framed by dark orange and indigo borders. The central red coloured brocade is richly decorated and includes butterfly, bird and flower patterns. The composition is symmetrical and exquisite, and displays a superb and dedicated level of craftsmanship.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背面中心織有大片紅色彩錦，使用了金色和紫色的絲線製作，華麗秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛藍色的邊框，為藏品增添色彩，而又絲毫沒有眼花撩亂。此背面運用了彩錦的製作技藝。中心部分的紅色彩錦織有豐富的紋樣，有蝴蝶紋、鳥紋和盆花，構圖對稱精巧，做工仔細，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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