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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>侗族儿童背带裤 The Dong Children Overalls</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;织锦（素锦-仅蓝白两色）Brocade (plain - blue and white only)&lt;/a&gt;，八角星 Octagram pattern ，雷纹 Fret pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）儿童背带裤蓝白相间，简约朴素，低调而不失美感。此背带裤运用了素锦的制作技艺。背带裤上织满了八角星、回纹、曲折纹等纹样，皆为中国传统古老的几何纹饰。最早出现在陶瓷和青铜器上，有吉祥、富贵绵长的美好寓意。八角星图案是大渡口文化时期人们对宇宙世界极简概括的形象表现。这些古老的几何图案如今还常出现于苗族、侗族的织锦服饰中，让我们窥见其民族的悠久历史的深远。他们延续的生产生活方式，对继承和延续中国传统文化符号起着不容忽视的作用。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Children’s overalls: decorated in fret, circular-letter and zig-zag patterns, stitched with blue and white threads. Both ancient and traditional, these Chinese geometric patterns first appeared on porcelain and bronze artifacts and signified auspiciousness and endless prosperity. These patterns are still commonly found on clothes of the Miao and the Dong today. The octagonal pattern indicates the long history of these ethnic minorities and reflects a minimalist view of the universe that was prevalent in the Dadukou cultural period. Traditional Chinese cultural symbols continue to be reflected in the unchanged production mode and lifestyles of ethnic minorities. The unchanged production mode and lifestyles of ethnic minorities are indispensable to the continuation of the traditional Chinese symbols. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）兒童背帶褲藍白相間，簡約樸素，低調而不失美感。此背帶褲運用了素錦的製作技藝。背帶褲上織滿了八角星、迴紋、曲折紋等紋樣，皆為中國傳統古老的幾何紋飾。最早出現在陶瓷和青銅器上，有吉祥、富貴綿長的美好寓意。八角星圖案是大渡口文化時期人們對宇宙世界極簡概括的形象表現。這些古老的幾何圖案如今還常出現於苗族、侗族的織錦服飾中，讓我們窺見其民族的悠久歷史的深遠。他們延續的生產生活方式，對繼承和延續中國傳統文化符號起著不容忽視的作用。&#13;
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                <text>侗族 The Dong&#13;
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                <text>侗族织锦小童衣 The Dong Children Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;侗族彩锦 The Dong coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）小童衣通体都满布织锦，亦添加了红、绿、蓝等色彩，令衣服更缤纷活泼，切合小童的天真烂漫。此小童衣运用了侗族彩锦。小童衣中间织有垂直的三个大菱形，构图对称，图案排列紧密。侗族的织锦图纹相当丰富，例如植物纹、动物纹、几何纹和抽象符号纹，每个图纹都具有深厚的文化意涵，是侗族妇女代代相传的传统技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong children’s coat: Dong coloured brocade with vibrant red, green and blue to reflect the innocence of childhood. Three large vertical rhombuses are stitched at the centre of the coat with a symmetrical and tightly arranged pattern. Dong brocade has diverse patterns, including plant, animal, geometric and abstract patterns. Each pattern has a deep cultural meaning. Dong women pass down the skilled craft of brocade from generation to generation. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）小童衣通體都滿佈織錦，亦添加了紅、綠、藍等色彩，令衣服更繽紛活潑，切合小童的天真爛漫。此小童衣運用了侗族彩錦。小童衣中間織有垂直的三個大菱形，構圖對稱，圖案排列緊密。侗族的織錦圖紋相當豐富，例如植物紋、動物紋、幾何紋和抽象符號紋，每個圖紋都具有深厚的文化意涵，是侗族婦女代代相傳的傳統技藝。 </text>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                <text>侗族织锦花片 The Dong Tapestry</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，各种形态的回纹 Various circular-letter pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦花片色彩较为深沉，用草绿色、紫红色、淡橘色点缀，古朴典雅，低调而不失美感。此织锦花片运用了彩锦。中心的织锦图案为大幅的曲折纹，用颜色和线条疏密制造出层次感，纹样丰富，颇具创造力。花片的边框则用了各种形态的回纹，较为规矩、简约，衬托了曲折纹的繁复细节。侗族彩锦是侗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，广泛用于制作围腰，背扇，被单等生活用品，图案对称规则，用色大胆丰富。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong tapestry: coloured brocade with darker coloured brocade flower pieces embellished with grass green, purple red and light orange to give an elegant, low-key aesthetic. The central brocade pattern is a large zigzag pattern, with different colours and line spacing to create a sense of layering. Patterns are diverse and reflect the artist’s creativity. The frame of the flower brocade uses various circular-letter patterns. The simplicity and neatness of the flower brocade frame complements the more detailed zigzag pattern. The Dong coloured brocade is an indispensable item in the lives of the Dong people. It is a material widely used to make clothes. In addition to the symmetrical and exquisite composition, the patterns are rich and varied.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦花片色彩較為深沉，用草綠色、紫紅色、淡橘色點綴，古樸典雅，低調而不失美感。此織錦花片運用了彩錦。中心的織錦圖案為大幅的曲折紋，用顏色和線條疏密製造出層次感，紋樣豐富，頗具創造力。花片的邊框則用了各種形態的迴紋，較為規矩、簡約，襯託了曲折紋的繁複細節。侗族彩錦是侗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，廣泛用於製作圍腰，背扇，被單等生活用品，圖案對稱規則，用色大膽豐富。</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------satin-stitch"&gt;刺花 Satin stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;织锦 Brocade&lt;/a&gt;，螺旋纹 Whirlpool pattern，龙纹 Dragon pattern，云雷纹 Fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）螺丝衣的底色过于深沉，用金色的丝线刺绣，便能将服饰上的图案衬托得更加醒目亮丽。此螺丝衣运用了刺花和织锦。该套服饰由于年代十分久远，金色丝线颜色虽有褪去，但前胸和后背上精美的刺绣图案仍任在告诉人们它曾经的风采。尤其是两条无拘无束的绣龙，仿佛在游弋一般。至于那些螺旋纹则有待考证，有人说是牛头漩，有人说是漩涡纹，有人说是螺丝。我们推测是回纹的一种，成S状围绕。衣服下摆的织锦为素锦，图案也是中国非常古老的几何纹——雷纹的一种。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong costume: embroidered with golden coloured silk threads on a dark base colour, the sharp contrast of colours adds brightness to the patterns, making it more eye-catching. Satin stitch and brocade are used. Although the colour of the golden thread has faded with time, the exquisite embroidery gives hints of the former glamour of this costume. The two embroidered dragons are elegantly portrayed as soaring unfettered in the sky. While the whirlpool patterns are thought by some to be designed to mimic a bull’s head, others suggest that they are swirls or spirals, but no firm meaning has yet been confirmed. Our guess is that it is a circular letter pattern that forms an ‘S’ shape. The plain brocade on the hem of the dress features a fret pattern, one of the most ancient of Chinese geometric patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）螺絲衣的底色過於深沉，用金色的絲線刺繡，便能將服飾上的圖案襯托得更加醒目亮麗。此螺絲衣運用了刺花和織錦。該套服飾由於年代十分久遠，金色絲線顏色雖有褪去，但前胸和後背上精美的刺繡圖案仍任在告訴人們它曾經的風采。尤其是兩條無拘無束的繡龍，彷彿在游弋一般。至於那些螺旋紋則有待考證，有人說是牛頭漩，有人說是漩渦紋，有人說是螺絲。我們推測是迴紋的一種，成S狀圍繞。衣服下擺的織錦為素錦，圖案也是中國非常古老的幾何紋——雷紋的一種。&#13;
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县九潮镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Jiuchao Town </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>布依族织锦 The Bouyei Brocade</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;织锦（彩锦）Brocade (coloured brocade)&lt;/a&gt;，雷纹 Fret pattern，井字纹 Oxford pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦上布满连绵不断的雷纹和井字纹，以紫色和深蓝色相间。此织锦运用了彩锦的制作方式。雷纹是古代陶瓷及青铜器上常见纹饰，连续的几何图案由方折回旋形线条形成，寓意吉利永长。雷纹常用于织锦，除了常见于布依族织锦，苗族和侗族的织锦、蜡染、刺绣中都常发现雷纹。由此是否可推测，图案的传播与传承并无民族之分，而少数民族所秉持的传统生活方式，对中国的古代符号起到了重要的保护作用。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade: fret and oxford patterns alternating in purple and deep blue colours. Techniques of coloured brocade are used. Fret patterns are common decorations on ancient ceramics and bronzeware. The ideal of everlasting luck is portrayed in the geometric patterns. Fret patterns are usually used on brocade and can be found on the brocade of the Bouyei, Miao and the Dong as well as on embroidery and batik. From this it can be inferred that the spreading and passing down of specific patterns are not bounded by ethnic divisions. The unchanging lifestyle of ethnic minorities has an indispensable protective function for ancient Chinese patterns and symbols.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦上佈滿連綿不斷的雷紋和井字紋，以紫色和深藍色相間。此織錦運用了彩錦的製作方式。雷紋是古代陶瓷及青銅器上常見紋飾，連續的幾何圖案由方折迴旋形線條形成，寓意吉利永長。雷紋常用於織錦，除了常見於布依族織錦，苗族和侗族的織錦、蠟染、刺繡中都常發現雷紋。由此是否可推測，圖案的傳播與傳承並無民族之分，而少數民族所秉持的傳統生活方式，對中國的古代符號起到了重要的保護作用。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#712</text>
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                <text>黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>布依族织锦片 The Bouyei Tapestry</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，菱形纹 Rhombic pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦片浅黄色和青蓝色相间，采用了较低调的对比色，为藏品增添色彩同时亦令其更为朴实耐看。此织锦片运用了彩锦。织锦图案是一样大小的方形整齐排列，构图对称工整。方形的中间亦饰有几何图纹，做工精巧细致，留白得恰的好处，可见制作者的审美观和高超技艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Tapestry: alternating colours of light yellow and cyan. The modest complementary colours render the tapestry simple yet also highly pleasing to the eye. Colour brocade is used. Patterns of the tapestry are formed by a regular arrangement of identical squares, leading to a symmetrically neat composition. Geometric patterns are decorated at the centre of each square and the workmanship is intricate and detailed. Intentionally left blank spaces are aesthetically pleasing and reveal the high artistry of the tapestry’s creator. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦片淺黃色和青藍色相間，採用了較低調的對比色，為藏品增添色彩同時亦令其更為樸實耐看。此織錦片運用了彩錦。織錦圖案是一樣大小的方形整齊排列，構圖對稱工整。方形的中間亦飾有幾何圖紋，做工精巧細緻，留白得恰的好處，可見製作者的審美觀和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，鸟纹 Bird pattern，盆花 Flower pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背面中心织有大片红色彩锦，使用了金色和紫色的丝线制作，华丽秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛蓝色的边框，为藏品增添色彩，而又丝毫没有眼花撩乱。此背面运用了彩锦的制作技艺。中心部分的红色彩锦织有丰富的纹样，有蝴蝶纹、鸟纹和盆花，构图对称精巧，做工仔细，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade jacket: centre back woven with a large piece of red brocade using beautiful golden coloured and purple silk threads. The back section is framed by dark orange and indigo borders. The central red coloured brocade is richly decorated and includes butterfly, bird and flower patterns. The composition is symmetrical and exquisite, and displays a superb and dedicated level of craftsmanship.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背面中心織有大片紅色彩錦，使用了金色和紫色的絲線製作，華麗秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛藍色的邊框，為藏品增添色彩，而又絲毫沒有眼花撩亂。此背面運用了彩錦的製作技藝。中心部分的紅色彩錦織有豐富的紋樣，有蝴蝶紋、鳥紋和盆花，構圖對稱精巧，做工仔細，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>（简）老背面整体为蓝色调，主要采用了深蓝色和靛蓝色，图纹方面则用了米色，佐以两侧的短流苏，朴素大方，低调而不失美感。此老背面运用了素锦的制作技艺。在织锦图案方面，一样大小的菱形紧密排列，每个菱形里面都织有井字纹，做工精巧细心，可见制作者的仔细和认真。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade old jacket trim: dark blue and indigo with blue tones. Beige is used for the patterns, which are accompanied by short tassels on both flanks to give a simple, low-key aesthetic. Plain brocade is used. Rhombic patterns of the same size are closely arranged on the brocade. Within each rhombus, oxford patterns are woven, showcasing the exquisite and meticulous workmanship.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）老背面整體為藍色調，主要採用了深藍色和靛藍色，圖紋方面則用了米色，佐以兩側的短流蘇，樸素大方，低調而不失美感。此老背面運用了素錦的製作技藝。在織錦圖案方面，一樣大小的菱形緊密排列，每個菱形裡面都織有井字紋，做工精巧細心，可見製作者的仔細和認真。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/114"&gt;苗族老背面 The Miao Old Jacket Trim (#394)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>台江苗族围腰 Taijiang The Miao Bellyband</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;织锦（彩锦）Brocade (colour)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰中心部分饰有红色织锦，颜色明亮，刺绣图案丰富。此围腰运用了彩锦。该件围腰最大的特色在于织纹，正中心的几何牛角盘龙有龙角、龙须、龙舌、龙齿、龙鳞和龙爪，栩栩如生。龙身旁还围绕着四只形态各异的脊宇鸟纹，鸟头、鸟爪和翅膀都十分精巧。苗族的龙纹特别丰富，除了牛角龙的纹样，还有双身龙、双头龙、九翅飞龙、牛龙、蜈蚣龙、花草龙等等。千姿百态的紋樣凸显了制作者的创造力，仅靠织造纬线就将图案造型表现得如此生动鲜明。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Bellyband: the centre of the waistband is decorated with dramatic red brocade, with bright colours and rich patterns. Coloured brocade is used. The centre is decorated with a geometrical cow horn coiled dragon. The dragon body is surrounded by four different divine bird patterns, with prominent bird heads, claws and wings. Though solely weaving the weft, the patterns are lively and realistic. The dragon patterns of the Miao are incredibly diverse, and include the cow horn dragon, two-bodied dragon, two-headed dragon, nineteen-winged flying dragon, cow dragon, centipede dragon, flower and plant dragon. The dragons’ horns, beards, tongues, teeth, scales and claws are sewn with great vivacity and creativity.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰中心部分飾有紅色織錦，顏色明亮，刺繡圖案豐富。此圍腰運用了彩錦。該件圍腰最大的特色在於織紋，正中心的幾何牛角盤龍有龍角、龍鬚、龍舌、龍齒、龍鱗和龍爪，栩栩如生。龍身旁還圍繞著四隻形態各異的脊宇鳥紋，鳥頭、鳥爪和翅膀都十分精巧。苗族的龍紋特別豐富，除了牛角龍的紋樣，還有雙身龍、雙頭龍、九翅飛龍、牛龍、蜈蚣龍、花草龍等等。千姿百態的紋樣凸顯了製作者的創造力，僅靠織造緯線就將圖案造型表現得如此生動鮮明。</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Taijiang County</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="579">
                <text>（简）背扇为米色和黑色，织纹由主要菱形和曲折纹组成，每个大菱形里面都饰有八角星和十字纹，纹样紧密排列，做工精细。此背扇运用了素锦的制作技艺。苗族织锦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是广泛用于制作衣服的物料，除了构图对称精美，图案丰富多变，也反映着苗族的历史和社会形态。  &#13;
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(ENG) Baby carrying belt: beige and black with embroidered rhombic and zigzag patterns. The inside of each rhombus is decorated with tightly arranged and intricately stitched octagonal and cross patterns. This baby carrying belt also uses plain brocade techniques. Brocade is widely used by Miao for making clothes and is an indispensable part of their daily lives. Brocade has diverse patterns as well as being exquisitely symmetrical in composition. The variety and richness of the patterns reflect the long history and social structures of the Miao people. &#13;
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（繁）背扇為米色和黑色，織紋由主要菱形和曲折紋組成，每個大菱形裡面都飾有八角星和十字紋，紋樣緊密排列，做工精細。此背扇運用了素錦的製作技藝。苗族織錦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是廣泛用於製作衣服的物料，除了構圖對稱精美，圖案豐富多變，也反映著苗族的歷史和社會形態。</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="580">
                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="581">
                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="582">
                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="583">
                <text>#913</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="584">
                <text>凯里市剑河县南寨乡 Kaili Jianhe County Nanzhai Village</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
