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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>雷山苗衣 Leishan Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------wrinkling-stitch"&gt;皱绣 Wrinkling stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couched-braid-stitch"&gt;辫绣 Couched braid stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，九翅飞龙 Nine-winged dragon，蝴蝶妈妈 Butterfly pattern，鱼纹 Fish pattern，斜山字纹 Oblique strips pattern，莲花纹 Water-lily pattern，荷花纹 Lotus pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣采用了传统古法布料——小斗纹布，在领口、肩部和衣袖绣有图案。此苗衣运用了皱绣、辫绣和叠绣。斜山字纹也是古代回纹的一种表相，常作为雷山地区苗族绣花衣衣襟部分的主要图案出现，图案回环反复，连绵不断，代表着富贵长久之意。皱绣先取7-8-9颗丝线编制为一种特殊绣线，这种绣线宽而扁平，形同女孩子的发辫。将辫线折叠并固定，便形成一种立体并厚实的特殊绣线，再用绣线盘出各种图案，让刺绣与底布之间形成凹凸感，制造恍如浅浮雕的视觉效果。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，构图饱满，图案罕见，做工非常精细。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Leishan Miao coat: traditional fabric with a unique criss-cross pattern. Embroidery is stitched on the collar, shoulder area and the sleeves. Wrinkling stitch, couched braid stitch and slack stitch are used. Tilted shan pattern, which is also a type of circular letter pattern, is commonly used by the Miao in the Leishan region as the main placket pattern on their embroidered clothes. These patterns are continuous and repetitive to symbolize longevity and prosperity. For the wrinkling stitch, 7 to 9 silk threads are taken and woven into a special embroidery thread. This thread is broad and flat, akin to a girl’s long ponytail. The thread is folded in half and fixed with a silk thread through the middle. This creates a three dimensional thick thread which can be used to embroider different patterns onto the fabric. The embroidery stitched with this thread stands out against the flat garment, producing a bas-relief effect. With its exquisite craftsmanship, a rare pattern and rich composition this piece is highly collectable.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）苗衣採用了傳統古法布料——小鬥紋布，在領口、肩部和衣袖繡有圖案。此苗衣運用了皺繡、辮繡和疊繡。斜山字紋也是古代迴紋的一種表相，常作為雷山地區苗族繡花衣衣襟部分的主要圖案出現，圖案回環反复，連綿不斷，代表著富貴長久之意。皺繡先取7-8-9顆絲線編制為一種特殊繡線，這種繡線寬而扁平，形同女孩子的髮辮。將辮線折疊並固定，便形成一種立體並厚實的特殊繡線，再用繡線盤出各種圖案，讓刺繡與底布之間形成凹凸感，製造恍如淺浮雕的視覺效果。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，構圖飽滿，圖案罕見，做工非常精細。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#26</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州雷山县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Leishan County </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族背带 The Miao Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------knot-stitch"&gt;打籽绣 Knot stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，漩涡纹 Spiral pattern，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern，莲花纹 Water-lily pattern，卷草纹 Curling grass pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带采用黑色底布，以红、绿和米色的丝线制作刺绣，红花绿叶的设计令花草纹更为生动。此背带运用了打籽绣和叠绣。刺绣图案以多种纹样设计出鸟语花香的画面，如花纹、鸟纹和卷草纹，刺绣构图紧密，色彩丰富。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，年代久远，保存完整，做工非常精细，是同时期的代表之作。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao baby carrying belt: black base cloth with embroidery of red, green and beige silk threads. The design of ‘red flowers and green leaves’ makes the flower and grass pattern more vivid. Knot stitch and stack stitch are used. Embroideries make use of various patterns, for example flowers, bird and curling grass patterns, to design a scene that vividly evokes bird chirping and the fragrance of flowers. Composition is packed and the colours are diverse. The high collection value of this piece is realised through its long history and pristine state. The craftsmanship is exquisite and one of the most outstanding pieces of work of its period.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶採用黑色底布，以紅、綠和米色的絲線製作刺繡，紅花綠葉的設計令花草紋更為生動。此背帶運用了打籽繡和疊繡。刺繡圖案以多種紋樣設計出鳥語花香的畫面，如花紋、鳥紋和卷草紋，刺繡構圖緊密，色彩豐富。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，年代久遠，保存完整，做工非常精細，是同時期的代表之作。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/41"&gt;苗族背带 The Miao Baby Carrying Belt (#98)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>#99</text>
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                <text>台江县革一镇 Taijiang County Geyi Town</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>土家族镂空云肩 The Tujia Hollow Cloud Shawl</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------split-thread-stich"&gt;破线绣 Split-thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------chain-stitch"&gt;锁绣 Chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，花卉 Flowers，缠枝 Tangled branches，鸟纹 Bird pattern，蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，花瓶 Vase</text>
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                <text>（简）镂空云肩由立体的刺绣相连而成，有花鸟、蝴蝶、枝叶，构图巧妙细腻。此镂空云肩运用了破线绣和锁绣。刺绣的图案取材自大自然，表现了苗族人民对大自然的热爱，和对生命的崇敬。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，年代久远而保存完整、图案清晰，精湛的工艺亦具极高的美学欣赏价值。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Hollowed out cloud shawl: made with three-dimensional embroideries sewn together. Flowers, butterflies, birds, tree branches and leaves are all intricately and exquisitely portrayed. Split line stitch and chain stitch are used. The pattern takes inspiration from the natural world, and displays the Miao’s love of and admiration for all life on earth. The high collection and aesthetic value of this piece is realised through its long history and pristine state. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）鏤空雲肩由立體的刺繡相連而成，有花鳥、蝴蝶、枝葉，構圖巧妙細膩。此鏤空雲肩運用了破線繡和鎖繡。刺繡的圖案取材自大自然，表現了苗族人民對大自然的熱愛，和對生命的崇敬。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，年代久遠而保存完整、圖案清晰，精湛的工藝亦具極高的美學欣賞價值。 </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------wrinkling-stitch"&gt;皱绣 Wrinkling stitch&lt;/a&gt;，文字图案 Chinese characters pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）衣袖绣片飾有由彩線繡成的文字「幸福」，顏色繽紛，活潑奪目。此衣袖绣片運用了皱绣。绣片是衣袖上的装饰，為服裝畫龍點睛。製作者將四個「幸」字对称地放在中心，再把「福」字壓成三角形，裝飾兩側，甚具創意和想像力。該件藏品的收藏价值甚高，以文字作为刺绣图案非常罕见，不可多得。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered work: stitched with coloured silk threads and decorated with the Chinese characters '幸福(happiness)'. Wrinkling stitch is used. The complexity of the work is enhanced through the creator’s use of word characters as embroidery patterns. Four '幸', a Chinese character which means good fortune, are symmetrically embroidered at the center together with triangles containing the character '福', which means blessing, on the sides. This design showcases the creativity and distinctive imagination of the creator. Using word characters as embroidery patterns are rare, and this level of craftsmanship displayed is rarely seen.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）衣袖繡片飾有由彩線繡成的文字「幸福」，顏色繽紛，活潑奪目。此衣袖繡片運用了皺繡。繡片是衣袖上的裝飾，為服裝畫龍點睛。製作者將四個「幸」字對稱地放在中心，再把「福」字壓成三角形，裝飾兩側，甚具創意和想像力。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，以文字作為刺繡圖案非常罕見，不可多得。</text>
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                <text>凯里市雷山县西江镇 Kaili Leishan County Xijiang Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couched-braid-stitch"&gt;辫绣 Couched braid stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，花鸟纹 Flower and bird pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣整体为黑色，领子、肩部和袖口饰有刺绣，在红色底布上采用了多种颜色的丝线，如黄、绿、粉红和紫色，层次丰富。此苗衣运用了辫绣和数纱绣。雷山地区的苗族喜用红色布料制作刺绣服饰，采用各种绿色丝线进行刺绣，如深绿，浅绿，嫩绿等，俗称红底绿花。强烈的对比色更能衬托服饰色彩的艳丽，令刺绣图案更为突出。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao coat, predominantly black. The collar, shoulder areas and cuffs are decorated with embroideries. Yellow, green, pink and purple embroidery threads are used on the red base cloth, creating rich layers. Couched braid stitch and counted thread stitch are used. Miao of the Leishan area like to use red fabric to embroider their clothes while using embroidery threads of different shades of green, such as deep green, light green and soft green. This preference for a red base and green embroidery is commonly referred to as ‘red base and green flower’. The embroidery patterns are emphasised through the use of gorgeous, strong complementary colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）苗衣整體為黑色，領子、肩部和袖口飾有刺繡，在紅色底布上採用了多種顏色的絲線，如黃、綠、粉紅和紫色，層次豐富。此苗衣運用了辮繡和數紗繡。雷山地區的苗族喜用紅色布料製作刺繡服飾，採用各種綠色絲線進行刺繡，如深綠，淺綠，嫩綠等，俗稱紅底綠花。強烈的對比色更能襯托服飾色彩的艷麗，令刺繡圖案更為突出。</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州雷山县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Leishan County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------coloured-batik"&gt;彩染 Coloured batik&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣色彩丰富，领子，肩部和袖子的刺绣采用了红、黄、蓝、绿等色，而袖口部分亦饰有淡红色和青蓝色的蜡染图案。此刺绣上衣运用了彩染和剪贴绣。彩染，顾名思义彩色蜡染，制作时使用了除蓝外的其他植物染料多次封蜡染色。剪贴绣是将布料裁剪出所需的图案花纹，或剪好的布料，拼绣出各种大小均匀的花纹和几何纹，再将其锁边固定或绣订到底布上。藏品是刺绣与蜡染的完美结合，图纹紧密细致，制作耗时，手工精细。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: richly coloured embroideries on the collar, shoulder area and sleeves using red, yellow, blue and green. The cuffs are decorated with pale red and cyan batik patterns. Coloured batik and applique are also used. Coloured batik, as its name suggests, is the production of batik in colours. During its production, plant-based dyes other than indigo blue are repeatedly used to seal the wax and dye the cloth. Applique is a technique that uses patterns cut from fabric, or fabric that is already cut, to piece together various patterns and geometrical patterns of equal proportion. These pieces are sealed at the borders and stitched to the base cloth. This embroidered top is an example of a perfect combination of batik and embroidery with exquisite and dense patterns. Creating batik embroidery is time consuming and requires masterful craftsmanship. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣色彩豐富，領子，肩部和袖子的刺繡採用了紅、黃、藍、綠等色，而袖口部分亦飾有淡紅色和青藍色的蠟染圖案。此刺繡上衣運用了彩染和剪貼繡。彩染，顧名思義彩色蠟染，製作時使用了除藍外的其他植物染料多次封蠟染色。剪貼繡是將布料裁剪出所需的圖案花紋，或剪好的布料，拼繡出各種大小均勻的花紋和幾何紋，再將其鎖邊固定或繡訂到底布上。藏品是刺繡與蠟染的完美結合，圖紋緊密細緻，製作耗時，手工精細。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣主要为黑色，在袖子、肩部和领子的刺绣则用了紫红色，在深色的衬托下更加突出。此刺绣上衣运用了数纱绣。刺绣上衣通体布满刺绣，连黑色双襟也绣满了花草纹，可见制作者做工认真，顾及细节。取材自大自然的刺绣图纹也表达了苗族人民对大自然的热爱，以及对生命的崇敬。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: double breasted top, predominantly black with fuchsia coloured embroideries on the sleeves, shoulder area and collar. Counted thread stitch is used. The top is covered with embroideries, including the black button area, which is fully stitched with flower and grass patterns. The creator of this piece was meticulous and conscientious, and the nature inspired embroideries signify the Miao’s love of their natural environment.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣主要為黑色，在袖子、肩部和領子的刺繡則用了紫紅色，在深色的襯托下更加突出。此刺繡上衣運用了數紗繡。刺繡上衣通體佈滿刺繡，連黑色雙襟也繡滿了花草紋，可見製作者做工認真，顧及細節。取材自大自然的刺繡圖紋也表達了苗族人民對大自然的熱愛，以及對生命的崇敬。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couching-stitch"&gt;绞绣 Couching stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣整体为黑色，领子和袖口饰有刺绣，在红色底布上采用了金黄色的丝线，华丽秀美。在黑色衣服上刺绣时，侗族特别喜爱用金色丝线刺绣，这样会将服饰上的图案衬托得更加醒目亮丽。此刺绣上衣运用了绞绣。绣纹工整细致，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: black with couching stitch embroidery decorations on the collar and cuffs. Golden yellow embroidery thread is used on the red base cloth to create a striking elegant effect. The Dong especially love stitching with golden coloured embroidery threads on black cloth as it complements the patterns, allowing them to be even more vibrant and beautiful. The embroidery patterns are neat and intricate, revealing the creator’s serious approach to the stitching and outstanding craftsmanship.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣整體為黑色，領子和袖口飾有刺繡，在紅色底布上採用了金黃色的絲線，華麗秀美。在黑色衣服上刺繡時，侗族特別喜愛用金色絲線刺繡，這樣會將服飾上的圖案襯托得更加醒目亮麗。此刺繡上衣運用了絞繡。繡紋工整細緻，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州榕江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的背面绣有大片刺绣，在领子、袖口和下摆也饰有刺绣，颜色颇为丰富。此苗衣运用了剪贴绣 。苗衣背后的刺绣用色大胆，采用了宝蓝色、草绿色、浅紫色的丝线制作，更绣有反光饰片，精巧夺目。其余部分的刺绣也用了多种颜色，有黑色、酒红色、浅蓝色等，在黑色布料上添上色彩。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao baby carrying belt: black fabric with a large embroidered area on the back. The collar, cuffs and hem are decorated with embroideries in multiple colours. Applique is the main technique used to create this costume. The large embroidered area on the back uses boldly coloured embroidery thread, including royal blue, lawn green and lilac. The addition of sequins makes it exquisitely eye catching. Other embroidery on the costume uses black, burgundy red and light blue. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的背面繡有大片刺繡，在領子、袖口和下擺也飾有刺繡，顏色頗為豐富。此苗衣運用了剪貼繡 。苗衣背後的刺繡用色大膽，採用了寶藍色、草綠色、淺紫色的絲線製作，更繡有反光飾片，精巧奪目。其餘部分的刺繡也用了多種顏色，有黑色、酒紅色、淺藍色等，在黑色布料上添上色彩。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/35"&gt;苗族背带 The Miao Baby Carrying Belt (#809)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>侗族围腰片 The Dong Bellyband</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------satin-stitch"&gt;刺花 Satin stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰片中心有一个被波浪线条包覆的圆形，一圈一圈的被绣纹填满，构图对称紧密。其余空间则绣满了一样大小的放射状圆形，恍如一大片蒲公英。此围腰片运用了刺花。制作者采用了紫色、橘色、绿色、亮粉色、蓝色等丝线，色彩丰富艳丽，在黑色底布的衬托下更为突出亮眼。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong bellyband: black fabric with a centre concentric circle surrounded by wavy lines. Each layer is filled with dense and symmetrical embroidery patterns. The rest of the space is embroidered with radial circles of the same size, similar to a large field of dandelions. Satin stitch is used. Silk threads of purple, orange, green, bright pink, blue and other colours are used. These gorgeously colourful patterns are beautifully and prominently contrasted against the black background. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰片中心有一個被波浪線條包覆的圓形，一圈一圈的被繡紋填滿，構圖對稱緊密。其餘空間則繡滿了一樣大小的放射狀圓形，恍如一大片蒲公英。此圍腰片運用了刺花。製作者採用了紫色、橘色、綠色、亮粉色、藍色等絲線，色彩豐富艷麗，在黑色底布的襯托下更為突出亮眼。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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