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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族背带 The Miao Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;，云气纹 Cloud pattern，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern，抽象脊宇鸟纹 Abstract divine bird pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带用色大胆，使用了宝蓝色、草绿色、浅紫色等颜色，更绣有反光饰片，十分精巧夺目。背带的刺绣图案抽象，用色也有异于常用的红黑两色，与一般背带迥然不同。此背带运用了剪贴绣。背带在贵州少数民族服饰文化中十分重要，是少数民族背小孩的工具。每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: appliqué with stunning royal blue, lawn green and lilac, decorated with sequins. Abstract and unique embroidery patterns and bold colour choices differ from the commonly used black and red found in other baby carrying belts.  Baby carrying belts are used by Guizhou ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and they are a crucial part of their clothing culture. Creating each baby carrying belt is time-consuming and laborious, and women make these exquisite carrying belts as a direct demonstration of motherly love.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶用色大膽，使用了寶藍色、草綠色、淺紫色等顏色，更繡有反光飾片，十分精巧奪目。背帶的刺繡圖案抽象，用色也有異於常用的紅黑兩色，與一般背帶迥然不同。此背帶運用了剪貼繡。背帶在貴州少數民族服飾文化中十分重要，是少數民族背小孩的工具。每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝願。 </text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/66"&gt;苗族苗衣 The Miao Costume (#806)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                <text>イ革家苗族围腰 The Miao - Gejia Bellyband </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，八角星纹 Octagram pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰整体呈鲜红色，鲜艳夺目、吉祥活泼，四个八角星图纹整齐排列，里面套有回纹。此围腰运用了挑花和数纱绣。八角星里套回纹是该件藏品的最大特色，此图案的起源于早期陶器，盛级两宋时期。回纹的形状如「回」字，故以之命名，寓意富贵永长，祥瑞如意。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao - Gejia bellyband:  a piece in bright red that is dazzling, auspicious and lively. The four octagonal star patterns are neatly arranged, each decorated with circular-letter patterns. Crossing stitch and counted thread stitch are used. The octagonal stars inlaid with circular-letter patterns are a major feature of this bellyband. This type of pattern first originated in early pottery and was at its prime during the Song Dynasty. The circular-letter pattern resembles the Chinese character “回”, which is also why its Chinese name connotes prosperity, longevity and good luck. The Gejia people are famed for their neat and exquisite batik and embroidery as well as their love of using geometric patterns to lay out embroidery and batik.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰整體呈鮮紅色，鮮豔奪目、吉祥活潑，四個八角星圖紋整齊排列，裡面套有迴紋。此圍腰運用了挑花和數紗繡。八角星裡套迴紋是該件藏品的最大特色，此圖案的起源於早期陶器，盛級兩宋時期。迴紋的形狀如「回」字，故以之命名，寓意富貴永長，祥瑞如意。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>イ革家刺绣马甲 The Gejia Embroidered Vest</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，由雷纹勾勒出的各式几何蝴蝶图案 Geometric butterfly pattern outlined by fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）马甲上绣有放射状的矩形，方格内布满延绵不断的绣纹，威风飒爽，红黑相间的鲜明对比更添气势。此马甲运用了双针锁绣，数纱绣和叠绣。传说亻革家苗族是后羿的后人，族人皆有豪气干云之气概。马甲是盛装服饰极其重要的组成部分，款式类似古代战士的护身铠甲，少女穿于身上增添了不少英武之气。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia embroidered vest: composed of concentric rectangles with continuous embroidery patterns within each rectangle. Complementary colours of red and black add to the imposing stance of this truly awe-inspiring piece. Double thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and stack stitch are used. Legend maintains that the Gejia Miao people are descendants of the Houyi. Therefore, people of this tribe are all said to have a heroic spirit. Akin to the body armour worn by ancient warriors, this vest is an essential piece of the Gejia costume and whoever wears it, even young girls, are thought to exude valour and bravery.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）馬甲上繡有放射狀的矩形，方格內佈滿延綿不斷的繡紋，威風颯爽，紅黑相間的鮮明對比更添氣勢。此馬甲運用了雙針鎖繡，數紗繡和疊繡。傳說亻革家苗族是后羿的後人，族人皆有豪氣乾雲之氣概。馬甲是盛裝服飾極其重要的組成部分，款式類似古代戰士的護身鎧甲，少女穿於身上增添了不少英武之氣。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>革一苗衣 Geyi Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------knot-stitch"&gt;打籽绣 Knot stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，抽象的蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern，漩涡纹 Spiral pattern，卷草纹 Curling grass pattern，牡丹花 Peony</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣主要呈暗紅色，領口和袖口位置以刺绣裝飾。刺绣颜色通体采用暗绿色制作，穩重沉實，为较为年长妇女所穿戴。此苗衣運用了打籽绣和叠绣。打籽绣是一種將繩打結以呈現圖案立體感的手法。叠绣，又稱堆绣，是将上过浆的轻薄丝绫面料裁剪折叠成细三角形，堆叠于底布之上，边堆边用针线固定，组合成矩形的饰片。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao coat: predominantly dark red with collars and cuffs decorated in dark green embroideries. Due to its modest and mature styling, it is worn by older women. Knot stitch and stack stitch are used.  Knot stitch is a technique of knotting threads to present patterns in a three-dimensional manner. Firstly, silk threads are used to outline the pattern. Then, knot stitch techniques are used to fill in the pattern. When stitching, the needle should be pierced from the back of the fabric to the front.  The tip of the needle should be looped twice at the end of the silk thread to make small granular circles, which are then used to form knots. This process is repeated until the many small knots densely fill the entire pattern. Stack stitch, also referred to as piling stitch, uses light silk fabric that has been soaked in honey locust liquid and then cut and folded   into small triangular shapes. These small pieces are then stacked on top of the base cloth, the sides sewn with needle and thread to form embroidery lines and rectangular decorations.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）苗衣主要呈暗紅色，領口和袖口位置以刺繡裝飾。刺繡顏色通體採用暗綠色製作，穩重沉實，為較為年長婦女所穿戴。此苗衣運用了打籽繡和疊繡。打籽繡是一種將繩打結以呈現圖案立體感的手法。疊繡，又稱堆繡，是將上過漿的輕薄絲綾面料裁剪折疊成細三角形，堆疊於底布之上，邊堆邊用針線固定，組合成矩形的飾片。 </text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>台江县革一镇 Taijiang County Geyi Town</text>
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                <text>亻革家围腰 The Gejia Bellyband </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern，连珠纹 Beads pattern，水波纹 Water wave pattern，钩藤纹 Hook rattan pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰以红和蓝为主要配色，是亻革家刺绣和蜡染完美结合的作品，几何纹饰丰富，蝴蝶纹样线条简洁流畅，千姿百态，灵动可爱。此围腰运用了挑花、数纱绣和蜡染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛装服饰由帽子，上衣，马甲，围腰，腰带，百褶裙和绑腿构成。围腰是亻革家服饰的重要组成部分，因此围腰的刺绣最为集中，精美华丽。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) The Gejia bellyband: mostly in red and blue, this bellyband is a perfect combination of Gejia embroidery and batik. It is rich in geometric patterns. Butterfly patterns are created with beautiful simple and clean lines, and are vividly stitched in various poses. Crossing stitch, counted thread stitch and batik are used. A complete set of a Gejia Miao costume consists of a hat, top, vest, bellyband, belt, pleated skirt and leggings. As the bellyband is an important and integral part of the Gejia costume, the embroidery on it is traditionally the densest, most glamourous and exquisite.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰以紅和藍為主要配色，是亻革家刺繡和蠟染完美結合的作品，幾何紋飾豐富，蝴蝶紋樣線條簡潔流暢，千姿百態，靈動可愛。此圍腰運用了挑花、數紗繡和蠟染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛裝服飾由帽子，上衣，馬甲，圍腰，腰帶，百褶裙和綁腿構成。圍腰是亻革家服飾的重要組成部分，因此圍腰的刺繡最為集中，精美華麗。 </text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>（简）背带的图纹是排列整齐的八角形，每个八角形图案由勾云纹、雷纹组合而成。除了由八角形组成的主体，背带边缘亦绣有几何蝴蝶纹样。此背带运用了双针锁绣和数纱绣。由于勾云纹，雷纹常用于青铜器的制作纹样，所以当这样的纹样出现在刺绣中时，带给人们一种柔中见刚的视觉冲击，能感受到这个苗族分支刚毅的性情。此件藏品年代久远，工艺精巧，保存完整，颜色艳丽，是同时期的上乘之作。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: double-thread chain stitch and counted thread stitch. The belt is decorated with regularly arranged octagram patterns. Each octagon is composed of Chinese cloud and thunder patterns with geometric butterfly patterns stitched around the edges. As Chinese cloud and thunder patterns often appear on bronzeware, when such patterns are embroidered, it offers a visual aesthetic that delicately balances strength and softness and gives an insight into the fortitude of the Miao people. This belt is well preserved, rich in history, intricately created and vibrantly coloured. It is a remarkable piece of art. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的圖紋是排列整齊的八角形，每個八角形圖案由勾雲紋、雷紋組合而成。除了由八角形組成的主體，背帶邊緣亦繡有幾何蝴蝶紋樣。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡和數紗繡。由於勾雲紋，雷紋常用於青銅器的製作紋樣，所以當這樣的紋樣出現在刺繡中時，帶給人們一種柔中見剛的視覺衝擊，能感受到這個苗族分支剛毅的性情。此件藏品年代久遠，工藝精巧，保存完整，顏色艷麗，是同時期的上乘之作。 </text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，各种几何蝴蝶纹 Different geomatric butterfly patterns，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的刺绣呈几何形状，以蝴蝶纹为中心，脊宇鸟纹对称分布在左右侧。此背带运用了数纱绣。刺绣的技艺十分精巧别致，图案灵动可爱，突显苗族人民对大自然的热爱和对生命的崇敬。背带是少数民族妇女背小孩时使用的用具，苗族会将背带制作得很精美，这是母爱最直接的表现。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: decorated with geometrical patterns with butterfly pattern at the centre and divine bird patterns symmetrically distributed on the left and right flanks. Counted thread stitch is used. Embroidery techniques used on this belt are intricate, the patterns are lively and reflect the Miao’s love of nature and their respectful attitude to life. Miao women make these exquisite carrying belts as a direct demonstration of motherly love.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的刺繡呈幾何形狀，以蝴蝶紋為中心，脊宇鳥紋對稱分佈在左右側。此背帶運用了數紗繡。刺繡的技藝十分精巧別緻，圖案靈動可愛，突顯苗族人民對大自然的熱愛和對生命的崇敬。背帶是少數民族婦女背小孩時使用的用具，苗族會將背帶製作得很精美，這是母愛最直接的表現。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/11"&gt;黄平苗族背带 Huangping The Miao Baby Carrying Belt (496#)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping  County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------patchwork-stitch"&gt;拼贴绣 Patchwork stitch&lt;/a&gt;，大菱形图案 Rhombic pattern，勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带中心绣有红色的大菱形图案，将勾云纹和抽象蝴蝶纹分饰内外。上方的贴布和外围的绣线也呼应红色和金色的配色，与黑色底色对比鲜明。此背带使用了拼贴绣。图案分布均匀有致，美观精巧。精美的刺绣不仅体现了当时制作者超高的技艺，也反映出她们丰富的想象力和对生活的热爱。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: black with a large rhombus-shaped red pattern stitched on the centre back. Both the inside and outside of the rhombus are decorated with Chinese cloud and butterfly-like patterns. The appliqué in the top area and the embroidery threads of the surrounding periphery are consistent with the red and gold colour theme, which beautifully contrasts with the black base of the carrying belt. Patchwork stitch is used and the patterns are evenly distributed, intricate and beautiful. The exquisite embroidery embodies the masterful craftsmanship of its creators, and also reflects a rich imagination and passion towards life.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶中心繡有紅色的大菱形圖案，將勾雲紋和抽象蝴蝶紋分飾內外。上方的貼佈和外圍的繡線也呼應紅色和金色的配色，與黑色底色對比鮮明。此背帶使用了拼貼繡。圖案分佈均勻有致，美觀精巧。精美的刺繡不僅體現了當時製作者超高的技藝，也反映出她們豐富的想像力和對生活的熱愛。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-白领苗 The Miao - Bailing Miao</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>丹寨县复兴乡 Danzhai County Fuxing Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，雷纹 Fret pattern，勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带上饰有大小一致的方块图案，金色和红色的绣線為背带添吉祥之意。背带上附有黑色带子，皆有精致的刺绣。此背带运用了双针锁绣、数纱绣和蜡染。浅色的绣线把图案延伸，由规律编排变成梅花间竹的花纹，多元化的纹样令质感更丰富。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作。背带是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: decorated with uniform squares. Golden yellow and red embroidery threads are an expression of auspiciousness. It is sewn with intricately embroidered black straps using double-thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and batik. Pale coloured embroidery thread is used to extend the overall design from regularly arranged to alternating patterns with plum blossom and bamboo, creating a rich and diversified texture. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are made to exceptionally high craftsmanship standards using batik, brocade and embroidery techniques. Baby carrying belts are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture and are beautiful displays of the ways in which mothers express their deep love and hopes for their children.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶上飾有大小一致的方塊圖案，金色和紅色的繡線為背帶添吉祥之意。背帶上附有黑色帶子，皆有精緻的刺繡。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡、數紗繡和蠟染。淺色的繡線把圖案延伸，由規律編排變成梅花間竹的花紋，多元化的紋樣令質感更豐富。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作。背帶是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝願。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>（简）贯首衣只用了黑白灰的颜色，对称的刺绣部分细致繁复，简约而不简单。此贯首衣运用了挑花和数纱绣。最早有关贯首衣的记载在&lt;旧唐书南平僚传&gt;中有记载，妇女横布两幅，穿中而贯其首。这种衣服款式苗族，壮族，布依族常见，将衣服裁剪为几何形，是因面料珍贵，布幅宽度限制，尽量减少因裁剪而造成的布料浪费，是民间妇女「物尽其用」的智慧体现。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) The Bouyei robe: black, grey and white fabric. Crossing stitch and counted thread stitch are used. The symmetrical embroidery is fine and ornate. The earliest documentation of the Bouyei robe can be found in the Old Book of Tang Nanping Rau Biography, which states that “women take out two long [pieces of] cloth, stitch them together and wear them by pulling them over their heads”. The Miao, the Zhuang and the Bouyei all used this style of clothing. The fabric used is expensive and precious, and clothes are cut by women into geometric patterns to maximise every portion of the fabric and minimise waste, demonstrating folk wisdom. &#13;
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（繁）貫首衣只用了黑白灰的顏色，對稱的刺繡部分細緻繁複，簡約而不簡單。此貫首衣運用了挑花和數紗繡。最早有關貫首衣的記載在&lt;舊唐書南平僚傳&gt;中有記載，婦女橫布兩幅，穿中而貫其首。這種衣服款式苗族，壯族，布依族常見，將衣服裁剪為幾何形，是因面料珍貴，布幅寬度限制，盡量減少因裁剪而造成的布料浪費，是民間婦女「物盡其用」的智慧體現。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>#1425</text>
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                <text>贵阳市乌当区 Guiyang Wudang District</text>
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