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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>亻革家老背带 The Gejia Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，数纱绣 Counted thread embroidery，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带主要采用了橘色和深蓝色，刺绣图案则为同等大小的小方块，每个小方块内皆饰有对称分布的抽象蝴蝶纹。外围则有线条简洁、流畅的蝴蝶纹，构图工整细致。此背带运用了双针锁绣和数纱绣。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作，是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分。每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: orange and dark blue and embroidery made with small squares of equal sizes. The central part is dissected into squares of equal size with symmetrically distributed abstract butterfly patterns. The periphery is composed of uniform neat, simple and fluid butterfly patterns. Double needle working stitch and counted thread stitch are used. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery and are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture. Each baby carrying belt is time consuming and laborious to make and the intricately finished belt is a beautiful expression of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶主要採用了橘色和深藍色，刺繡圖案則為同等大小的小方塊，每個小方塊內皆飾有對稱分佈的抽象蝴蝶紋。外圍則有線條簡潔、流暢的蝴蝶紋，構圖工整細緻。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡和數紗繡。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作，是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分。每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。</text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread embroidery&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="p1"&gt;（简）该亻革家蜡染背扇最大特色就是菱形蜡染小方片与菱形刺绣小方片交叉，对称排列。蜡染与刺绣相结合制作绣花衣也是苗族此分支的一大特色，刺绣与蜡染皆小巧，图案细腻，工整。背带运用了双针锁绣、数纱绣和蜡染。多元化的制作技艺凸显制作者功力深厚，能将不同技法融会贯通，从而制作藏品。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作，是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(ENG) Baby carrying belt: significant feature composed by the diamond-shaped batik squares and the embroidery squares crossed and arranged symmetrically. The combination of batik and embroidery in making embroidered clothes is also a major feature of this branch of the Miao. The embroidery and batik are both delicate, with neat and meticulous patterns.&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Double-thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and batik are used. The use of diverse techniques highlights the profound skills of the producer and the ability to integrate different techniques in producing the collection. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are made to exceptionally high craftsmanship standards using batik, brocade and embroidery techniques. Baby carrying belts are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture, and are beautiful displays of the ways in which mothers express their deep love and hopes for their children.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;（繁）該亻革家蠟染背扇最大特色就是菱形蠟染小方片與菱形刺繡小方片交叉，對稱排列。蠟染與刺繡相結合製作繡花衣也是苗族此分支的一大特色，刺繡與蠟染皆小巧，圖案細膩，工整。背帶運用了雙針鎖繡、數紗繡和蠟染。多元化的製作技藝凸顯製作者功力深厚，能將不同技法融會貫通，從而製作藏品。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作，是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------knot-stitch"&gt;打籽绣 Knot stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，花草纹 Flower and grass pattern，漩涡纹 Spiral pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背扇采用了红、绿和米色的丝线制作刺绣，红花绿叶的设计令花草纹活灵活现。此背扇运用了打籽绣和叠绣。打籽绣是一种将绳打结以呈现图案立体感的手法，先用丝线先将图案勾绣出轮廓，再用针尖在丝线底脚卷上两转，绕成颗粒状小圈，形成一粒籽，周而复始，直到这样的小籽密密麻麻布满整个图案内部。衡量一件好的打籽绣衣不仅要图案秀美，而且要求所打的每一颗籽要细小、圆润、饱满、紧实。叠绣，又称堆绣，是将上过浆的轻薄丝绫面料裁剪折叠成细三角形，堆叠于底布之上，边堆边用针线固定，组合成矩形的饰片。背扇通体布满绣纹，连边缘也饰有刺绣，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao baby carry belt: embroidered with red, green and beige silk threads. The high contrast of red flowers with green leaves makes the flower patterns come alive. Knot stitch and stack stitch are used. Knot stitch is a method of knotting thread to create a three dimensional pattern. Firstly, the pattern is outlined with silk threads, then the needle is twice coiled around the bottom of the silk thread to form a small granular knot. This process is repeated until the pattern is filled with densely packed small knots. To judge a good knot stitch garment, not only the beautiful patterns are essential, it also requires every knot to be small, round, full, and firm. Stack stitch is created by cutting and folding lightly glued silk fabric into thin triangles, stacking them onto the base fabric and then fixing the stacks of fabric with needle and thread to form a rectangular patch. The entire baby carrying belt is covered with embroidered patterns and showcases the artistry and exquisite craftsmanship of its creator.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背扇採用了紅、綠和米色的絲線製作刺繡，紅花綠葉的設計令花草紋活靈活現。此背扇運用了打籽繡和疊繡。打籽繡是一種將繩打結以呈現圖案立體感的手法，先用絲線先將圖案勾繡出輪廓，再用針尖在絲線底腳卷上兩轉，繞成顆粒狀小圈，形成一粒籽，周而復始，直到這樣的小籽密密麻麻佈滿整個圖案內部。衡量一件好的打籽繡衣不僅要圖案秀美，而且要求所打的每一顆籽要細小、圓潤、飽滿、緊實。疊繡，又稱堆繡，是將上過漿的輕薄絲綾面料裁剪折疊成細三角形，堆疊於底布之上，邊堆邊用針線固定，組合成矩形的飾片。背扇通體佈滿繡紋，連邊緣也飾有刺繡，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Plain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，各式蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，团花纹 &lt;span&gt;Roundish floret pattern&lt;/span&gt;，勾云纹Chinese cloud pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的上侧和中心部分饰有红色刺绣，与黑色底布形成鲜明的颜色对比。此背带运用了平绣和叠绣。团花纹的蝴蝶纹对称分布，构图细致。蝴蝶纹的刺绣十分仔细，包括触角、身体和带花纹的翅膀，造型栩栩如生，凸显她们对生命高超的观察力，以及对大自然的热爱。背带是少数民族妇女背小孩时使用的用具，苗族会将背带制作得很精美，这是母爱最直接的表现。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: mainly black with red embroidery to produce a stark colour contrast. Flat stitch and stack stitch are used. Various butterfly patterns are symmetrically distributed at the centre. Embroidered butterflies are meticulously and realistically detailed, with antennas, bodies and wings with patterns. Such attention to detail and realism reveals the superior observation skills of the Miao women, and demonstrates their love of and passion for the natural world. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. Each baby carrying belt is time consuming and laborious to make and is a beautiful expression of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的上側和中心部分飾有紅色刺繡，與黑色底布形成鮮明的顏色對比。此背帶運用了平繡和疊繡。團花紋的蝴蝶紋對稱分佈，構圖細緻。蝴蝶紋的刺繡十分仔細，包括觸角、身體和帶花紋的翅膀，造型栩栩如生，凸顯她們對生命高超的觀察力，以及對大自然的熱愛。背帶是少數民族婦女背小孩時使用的用具，苗族會將背帶製作得很精美，這是母愛最直接的表現。</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带通体满布红色刺绣，连绵不断，小巧的纹样排列十分有条理，雅致井然。此背带运用了数纱绣。黄平数纱绣图案多以几何纹为主，构图对称，做工精致。苗族喜用红色丝线刺绣，有喜气、活力之寓意，鲜艳的色彩更凸显了苗族刺绣的表现力。背带是少数民族妇女背小孩时使用的用具，苗族会将背带制作得很精美，这是母爱最直接的表现。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt:  abundant red embroidery, stitched with identical geometric patterns. The geometric patterns are intricate and arranged in an orderly and elegant manner, conveying a sense of continuity. Counted thread stitch is used. Embroidery made with Huangpingshu counted thread stitch is often composed of geometric patterns with symmetrical composition and exquisite workmanship. The Miao like to use red thread for embroidery as the colour symbolises joy and vigour. Bright colours emphasize the expressiveness of Miao embroidery. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. Miao women make these exquisite carrying belts as a direct demonstration of motherly love.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶通體滿佈紅色刺繡，連綿不斷，小巧的紋樣排列十分有條理，雅緻井然。此背帶運用了數紗繡。黃平數紗繡圖案多以幾何紋為主，構圖對稱，做工精緻。苗族喜用紅色絲線刺繡，有喜氣、活力之寓意，鮮豔的色彩更凸顯了苗族刺繡的表現力。背帶是少數民族婦女背小孩時使用的用具，苗族會將背帶製作得很精美，這是母愛最直接的表現。</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping  County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）背带有大幅的红色刺绣，由大小一致的方块图案组成。此背带主要运用了数纱绣。背带是少数民族背嬰兒的布兜，在少数民族的服饰文化具有特殊意義，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱。該件藏品的收藏价值甚高，大片拼接的刺绣十分罕见、工艺精细，且在岁月流逝中仍能保持颜色清晰，不可多得。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby Carrying Belt; decorated with large piece of embroidery composed of uniform squares. Baby carrying belt is a tool used by ethic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are usually produced with artisan techniques like batik, brocade and embroidery and are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture. The production of each baby carrying belt is time-consuming and it represents the deep love and beautiful wishes a mother has for her children. This collection, with its large pieces of splice, clear colours and remarkably fine workmanship, is rare and has high colleciton value. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶有大幅的紅色刺繡，由大小一致的方塊圖案組成。此背帶主要運用了數紗繡。背帶是少數民族背嬰兒的布兜，在少數民族的服飾文化具有特殊意義，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，大片拼接的刺繡十分罕見、工藝精細，且在歲月流逝中仍能保持顏色清晰，不可多得。</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Flat stitch&lt;/a&gt;，石榴 Pomegranate，蝴蝶 Butterfly，脊宇鸟 Divine bird，荷花 Lotus flower</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的刺绣取材自大自然的万物，在红色方格里绣上鸟儿，蝴蝶，花果，有动有静，唯妙唯肖，与黑色底布形成强烈对比。此背带主要运用了平绣。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，美观实用，每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: black base fabric with highly contrasted embroidered red squares taking inspiration from the natural world with birds, butterflies, flowers and fruit patterns. Flat stitch is used. Reflecting the Miao’s passionate love of and respect for the natural world, the belt is realistically decorated with various animals and plants, including flowers, fruits, butterflies and divine birds to create a sense of stillness as well as liveliness. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and are a crucial part of ethnic minority clothing culture. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery. Each baby carrying belt is time consuming to make and is a beautiful display of the ways in which a mother expresses her deep love and hopes for her children. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的刺繡取材自大自然的萬物，在紅色方格里繡上鳥兒，蝴蝶，花果，有動有靜，唯妙唯肖，與黑色底布形成強烈對比。此背帶主要運用了平繡。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，美觀實用，每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;细数纱绣 Fine counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;细挑花 Fine crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Flat stitch&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，花草纹 Flower and grass pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern，铜钱纹 Coin pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带主体为黑色，加上红色的刺绣部分，颜色对比鲜明。此背带运用了剪贴绣、细数纱绣、细挑花和平绣。多元化的制作技艺凸显制作者功力深厚，将不同技法融会贯通，制作出精巧的藏品。少数民族妇女背小孩时会使用背带，背带制作精美，是母爱最直接的表现。該件藏品的收藏价值甚高，图案装饰性很强，简单明快。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: mainly black with highly contrasting red embroidery.  Appliqué, fine counted thread stitch, fine crossing stitch and flat stitch are used. The exemplary use of diversified techniques in the belt highlights the profound skills of its creator. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and represent the deep love and hopes that a mother has for her children. This belt, with its large pieces of splice, clear colours and remarkably fine workmanship, is rare and highly collectible. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶主體為黑色，佐以紅色的刺繡部分，中心的蝴蝶圖紋搶眼奪目。此背帶運用了剪貼繡、細數紗繡、細挑花和平繡。多元化的製作技藝凸顯製作者功力深厚，將不同技法融會貫通，製作出精巧的藏品。少數民族婦女背小孩時會使用背帶，背帶製作精美，是母愛最直接的表現。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，圖案裝飾性很強，簡單明快。</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couched-braid-stitch"&gt;辫绣 Couched braid stitch&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，连草纹 Grass pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的刺绣部分主要了采用红色和卡其色丝线，中心的大幅刺绣则用了更多色彩，如黄、绿、棕、紫红色等等，活泼明亮。此背带运用了剪贴绣、辫绣、彩锦、数纱绣和挑花。根据《枫木歌》，蝴蝶纹代表苗族祖先，可见制作者，表达了对祖先的崇敬与缅怀。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: with red and khaki silk threads. The central large embroidered piece is vibrantly and sharply combined with even more colours such as yellow, green, brown and purplish red. Applique, couched braid stitch, coloured brocade, counted thread stitch and crossing stitch are used. According to Maple Song, butterfly patterns symbolize the Miao’s ancestors and their veneration of the dead.  Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery.  Each baby carrying belt is time consuming and laborious to make and is a beautiful display of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的刺繡部分主要了採用紅色和卡其色絲線，中心的大幅刺繡則用了更多色彩，如黃、綠、棕、紫紅色等等，活潑明亮。此背帶運用了剪貼繡、辮繡、彩錦、數紗繡和挑花。根據《楓木歌》，蝴蝶紋代表苗族祖先，可見製作者，表達了對祖先的崇敬與緬懷。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰两侧的深蓝色，衬托了中间鲜艳的红色刺绣部分。此围腰运用了平绣。苗族刺绣喜绣大自然的万物，喜将动植物进行组合，所以可以看到这副刺绣中蝴蝶的翅膀是兩片展开的树叶，或是将小动物的身体绣成一朵花，或是蝴蝶的身体绣出了一张人脸，甚至有的还绣出了小动物的内脏。围腰上绣的动物千姿百态，灵动，可爱，丝线色彩大胆而热烈。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Belly band: flat stitch with a central bright red embroidery, rounded off with deep blue flanks. The Miao combined intricate stitching patterns to represent animals and plants from their natural environment. In this belly band, unfolded leaves are stitched as embroidered butterfly wings, and a human face is stitched on its body. Animal bodies are woven as flowers, and even the organs of the animals are stitched. A diversity of spirited and cute animals are stitched in vibrant and bold colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰兩側的深藍色，襯託了中間鮮豔的紅色刺繡部分。此圍腰運用了平繡。苗族刺繡喜繡大自然的萬物，喜將動植物進行組合，所以可以看到這副刺繡中蝴蝶的翅膀是兩片展開的樹葉，或是將小動物的身體繡成一朵花，或是蝴蝶的身體繡出了一張人臉，甚至有的還繡出了小動物的內臟。圍腰上繡的動物千姿百態，靈動，可愛，絲線色彩大膽而熱烈。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/8"&gt;台江苗族围腰 Taijiang The Miao Bellyband (433#)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Taijiang County</text>
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