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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>台江绣苗衣 Taijiang Embroidered Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------wrinkling-stitch"&gt;皱绣 Wrinkling stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，各式花草龙纹 Various flower, grass and dragon pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）绣苗衣的红色刺绣与黑色底布形成鲜明对比，龙纹工艺十分精细，龙齿、龙舌、龙珠、龙鳞、龙翅和龙爪皆清晰可见，栩栩如生。此绣苗衣运用了皱绣和叠绣。皱绣先取7-8-9颗丝线编制为一种特殊绣线，这种绣线宽而扁平，形同女孩子的发辫。将辫线折叠并固定，便形成一种立体并厚实的特殊绣线，再用绣线盘出各种图案，让刺绣与底布之间形成凹凸感，制造恍如浅浮雕的视觉效果。皱绣因为色彩及复杂的工艺，刺绣花纹容易带给人们一团绿色的视觉效果，而这件衣服不仅构图复杂，图案还非常清晰立体，无疑是同时期的极品之作。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，图案少见，构图饱满，具有极高的工艺价值与美术价值。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Taijiang embroidered Miao coat: black base cloth with striking contrasting red embroidery. Masterful and vivid stitching of the dragon patterns enable the dragon’s teeth, tongue, scales, wings, claws and ** to be clearly identifiable. Wrinkling stitch and stack stitch are used. To create the wrinkling stitch, 7 to 9 silk threads are first taken and woven into a special embroidery thread that is broad and flat. The thread is folded in half and fixed with a silk thread through the middle. This creates a thick thread which could be used to embroider different patterns on the fabric. The embroidery stitched with this thread stands out against the flat garment, producing a bas-relief effect. Due to the colour and complicated technique of wrinkling stitch, it can often produce a green, messy aesthetic. However, with its complicated composition and clear three dimension patterns, this piece is anything but messy. This coat is one of the best examples of Miao clothing culture of the period. A highly valuable piece with rare patterns and rich content, the craftmanship and artistry of this coat are immense. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）繡苗衣的紅色刺繡與黑色底布形成鮮明對比，龍紋工藝十分精細，龍齒、龍舌、龍珠、龍鱗、龍翅和龍爪皆清晰可見，栩栩如生。此繡苗衣運用了皺繡和疊繡。皺繡先取7-8-9顆絲線編制為一種特殊繡線，這種繡線寬而扁平，形同女孩子的髮辮。將辮線折疊並固定，便形成一種立體並厚實的特殊繡線，再用繡線盤出各種圖案，讓刺繡與底布之間形成凹凸感，製造恍如淺浮雕的視覺效果。皺繡因為色彩及復雜的工藝，刺繡花紋容易帶給人們一團綠色的視覺效果，而這件衣服不僅構圖複雜，圖案還非常清晰立體，無疑是同時期的極品之作。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，圖案少見，構圖飽滿，具有極高的工藝價值與美術價值。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Taijiang County</text>
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                <text>施洞绣苗衣 Shidong Embroidered Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------split-thread-stich"&gt;破线绣 Split-thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，朝廷官吏人物图案 Court officials figure pattern，龙纹 Dragon pattern，鱼纹 Fish pattern，彩锦部分是抽象的蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern on coloured batik，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern，万福图案 Wanfu pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）绣苗衣的领子、肩部和袖子都绣有大幅的红色刺绣，在黑色底布的衬托下为风飒飒。此绣苗衣运用了破线绣、叠绣、数纱绣和双针锁绣。刺绣部分为叙事性图案，以针线描绘了英雄人物形象——「雾帽席」手举令旗和大刀，骑在战马上英勇杀敌的场面。制作者用破线绣技法刺绣出了庞大的战争场面，彩锦及叠绣部分的图案亦极其工整、细腻。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，是施洞地区刺绣大图案的代表作。大图饱满，内容丰富，把本民族的服饰文化体现的淋漓尽致，是为同时期顶级工艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Shidong embroidered Miao coat: black base cloth with large red embroideries on the collar and shoulder areas and sleeves, giving a rustic touch to this exquisite piece. Split-thread stitch, stack stitch, counted thread stitch, double thread chain stitch and coloured brocade are used. The patterns depict the story of a hero valiantly fighting against enemies on horseback with broadswords and flags. This coat is made using split thread stitch to embroider the epic war scene and is one of the masterpieces of large pattern embroidery in the Shidong region. The rich detail, extremely neat and delicate coloured brocade and stack stitch beautifully embody the coat culture of the region. A highly collectable piece, this coat showcases the very best craftsmanship of its time.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）繡苗衣的領子、肩部和袖子都繡有大幅的紅色刺繡，在黑色底布的襯托下為風颯颯。此繡苗衣運用了破線繡、疊繡、數紗繡、雙針鎖繡和彩錦。刺繡部分為敘事性圖案，以針線描繪了英雄人物形象——「霧帽席」手舉令旗和大刀，騎在戰馬上英勇殺敵的場面。製作者用破線繡技法刺繡出了龐大的戰爭場面，彩錦及疊繡部分的圖案亦極其工整、細膩。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，是施洞地區刺繡大圖案的代表作。大圖飽滿，內容豐富，把本民族的服飾文化體現的淋漓盡致，是為同時期頂級工藝。</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县施洞镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Taijiang County Shidong Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------wrinkling-stitch"&gt;皱绣 Wrinkling stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stem-stitch"&gt;轴绣 Stem stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，花卉纹 Flower pattern，福禄 Phlox，吉祥 Auspicious，鱼纹 Fish pattern，水波纹 Water wave pattern，斜山字纹 Oblique strips pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）文字衣整体为黑色，在袖子和领子饰有红色刺绣，有吉祥幸福之寓意。此文字衣运用了皱绣、剪贴绣、辫绣镶边、数纱绣、轴绣和叠绣。皱绣先取7-8-9颗丝线编制为一种特殊绣线，这种绣线宽而扁平，形同女孩子的发辫。将辫线折叠并固定，便形成一种立体并厚实的特殊绣线，再用绣线盘出各种图案，让刺绣与底布之间形成凹凸感，制造恍如浅浮雕的视觉效果。叠绣，又称堆绣，是将上过浆的轻薄丝绫面料裁剪折叠成细三角形，堆叠于底布之上，边堆边用针线固定，组合成矩形的饰片。该藏品采用了多种刺绣技艺，做工细致精巧，不可多得。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Leishan Chinese characters clothing: mainly black with red embroideries stitched on the sleeves and collar, symbolising auspiciousness and happiness. Wrinkling stitch, appliqué, couched braid stitch rim, counted thread stitch, stem stitch and stack stitch are used. For the wrinkling stitch, 7 to 9 silk threads are first taken and woven into a special embroidery thread that is broad and flat, similar to a girl’s thickly braided hairstyle. The thread is folded in half and fixed with a silk thread through the middle. This creates a thick thread which could be used to embroider different patterns on the fabric. The embroidery stitched with this thread stands out against the flat garment, producing a bas-relief effect. Stack stitch, also known as pile stitch, is made by cutting and folding a piece of glued thin silk fabric into small triangular shapes. These small pieces are then stacked on top of the base cloth, with the sides fixed with needle and thread, to create a rectangular ornament. This item uses a variety of embroidery techniques and its intricate and exquisite workmanship make it a rarity. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）文字衣整體為黑色，在袖子和領子飾有紅色刺繡，有吉祥幸福之寓意。此文字衣運用了皺繡、剪貼繡、辮繡鑲邊、數紗繡、軸繡和疊繡。皺繡先取7-8-9顆絲線編制為一種特殊繡線，這種繡線寬而扁平，形同女孩子的髮辮。將辮線折疊並固定，便形成一種立體並厚實的特殊繡線，再用繡線盤出各種圖案，讓刺繡與底布之間形成凹凸感，製造恍如淺浮雕的視覺效果。疊繡，又稱堆繡，是將上過漿的輕薄絲綾面料裁剪折疊成細三角形，堆疊於底布之上，邊堆邊用針線固定，組合成矩形的飾片。該藏品採用了多種刺繡技藝，做工細緻精巧，不可多得。</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州雷山县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Leishan County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couched-braid-stitch"&gt;辫绣 Couched braid stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，双身龙纹 Double dragon pattern，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，斜山字纹 Oblique strips pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）绣苗衣的刺绣集中在领口、肩部和衣袖，红色底布上的丰富绣纹华丽悦目。此绣苗衣运用了辫绣、叠绣和数纱绣。叠绣，又称堆绣，是将上过浆的轻薄丝绫面料裁剪折叠成细三角形，堆叠于底布之上，边堆边用针线固定，组合成矩形的饰片。斜山字纹也是古代回纹的一种表相，常作为雷山地区苗族绣花衣衣襟部分的主要图案出现，图案回环反复，连绵不断，代表着富贵长久之意。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，构图饱满、图案罕见，做工精细。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Leishan embroidered Miao coat: embroideries concentrated on the neckline, shoulder and sleeve areas. The rich embroidery patterns on the red base fabric are gorgeous and pleasing to behold. Couched braid stitch, stack stitch and counted thread stitch are used. Stack stitch, also known as pile stitch, is created by cutting and folding glued light silk fabric into small triangles. These triangles are then stacked on the base fabric and fixed with needle and thread to form a rectangular patch. The oblique striped pattern is also a form of an ancient circular letter pattern, often appearing as the main embroidery pattern of the Miao people in Leishan. The pattern loops repeatedly and continuously, symbolising long lasting wealth. This coat, with its rare patterns, rich composition and fine workmanship, is a highly valued part of the cultural heritage collection.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）繡苗衣的刺繡集中在領口、肩部和衣袖，紅色底布上的豐富繡紋華麗悅目。此繡苗衣運用了辮繡、疊繡和數紗繡。疊繡，又稱堆繡，是將上過漿的輕薄絲綾面料裁剪折疊成細三角形，堆疊於底布之上，邊堆邊用針線固定，組合成矩形的飾片。斜山字紋也是古代迴紋的一種表相，常作為雷山地區苗族繡花衣衣襟部分的主要圖案出現，圖案回環反复，連綿不斷，代表著富貴長久之意。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，構圖飽滿、圖案罕見，做工精細。</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州雷山县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Leishan County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------wrinkling-stitch"&gt;皱绣 Wrinkling stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stem-stitch"&gt;轴绣 Stem stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，文字 Chinese characters，囍福 Fortune pattern，盘长 Shrivatsa，寿纹 Shou pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）文字衣的领口、肩部和袖子采用红色底布，上面绣满文字刺绣，在黑色袖口和下摆的衬托下分外夺目耀眼。此文字衣运用了皱绣、轴绣、数纱绣和叠绣。文字衣绣有各种吉祥图案，如盘长、寿纹，以及文字——「功成精巧」。文字刺绣是该藏品的最大特色，制作者将文字变成图纹，例如袖子上被压成三角形的「福」字，甚具创意和想像力。这件藏品绣法多样，文字信息丰富，收藏价值甚高。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Leishan Chinese characters clothing: red base fabric for the collar, shoulder area and sleeves, embroidered with Chinese characters. The characters are particularly dazzling and eye catching against the black cuffs and hem. Wrinkling stitch, stem stitch, counted thread stitch and stack stitch are used. Embroidered auspicious patterns include Shrivatsa, Shou and the Chinese text “功成精巧” , which means ‘achievement and exquisiteness’. Text embroidery is the most iconic feature of this piece. With great creativity and imagination, the creator has turned characters into patterns, such as the “福” character pressed into a triangle on the sleeves. This piece makes use of various stitching techniques with rich text messages and is a highly valuable part of the collection.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）文字衣的領口、肩部和袖子採用紅色底布，上面繡滿文字刺繡，在黑色袖口和下擺的襯托下分外奪目耀眼。此文字衣運用了皺繡、軸繡、數紗繡和疊繡。文字衣繡有各種吉祥圖案，如盤長、壽紋，以及文字——「功成精巧」。文字刺繡是該藏品的最大特色，製作者將文字變成圖紋，例如袖子上被壓成三角形的「福」字，甚具創意和想像力。這件藏品繡法多樣，文字信息豐富，收藏價值甚高。</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/101"&gt;雷山文字衣 Leishan Chinese Characters Clothing (#27)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）披肩主要采用了红色调和黄色调的丝线，鲜艳夺目，活泼明亮。此披肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案为各种排列方式的正方形和长方形，并用线条和几何图形填满矩形。除了主色调的红色和黄色，制作者也加入了其他颜色的丝线，如深红色、橙色和绿色，令刺绣图案更有层次感，披肩颜色也更为丰富。披肩的整体构图左右对称，绣纹排列工整，做工十分精细，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Shawl: bright, vibrant and eye catching shawl embroidered with red and yellow toned thread. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. Embroidery patterns are various arrangements of squares and rectangles filled with lines and geometric shapes. Other than the main colour tones of red and yellow, embroidery threads in other shades such as deep red, orange and green are added to create a sumptuous layering effect. Composition of the shawl is bilaterally symmetrical, with neatly arranged embroidered patterns. The shawl is intricately made and displays a high level of craftsmanship.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）披肩主要採用了紅色調和黃色調的絲線，鮮豔奪目，活潑明亮。此披肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案為各種排列方式的正方形和長方形，並用線條和幾何圖形填滿矩形。除了主色調的紅色和黃色，製作者也加入了其他顏色的絲線，如深紅色、橙色和綠色，令刺繡圖案更有層次感，披肩顏色也更為豐富。披肩的整體構圖左右對稱，繡紋排列工整，做工十分精細，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>六盘水市六枝特区 Liupen Liuzhi Special District </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------knot-stitch"&gt;打籽绣 Knot stitch&lt;/a&gt;，龙 Dragon，蝴蝶 Butterfly，山羊 Goat，麒麟 Kylin，脊宇鸟 Divine bird</text>
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                <text>（简）大洋袋采用了红色的底布，上面绣有丰富多样的动物图纹，如龙、麒麟、脊宇鸟等等，画面非常热闹，绣出了大自然一派生机盎然的景象。此大洋袋运用了打籽绣。侗族打籽绣技艺繁复，先用丝线先将图案勾绣出轮廓，再用打籽绣技法填充轮廓内部。绣针从背面向正面刺上来后，将针尖在丝线底脚卷上两转，绕成颗粒状小圈，形成一粒籽，周而复始，直到这样的小籽密密麻麻布满整个图案内部，故而得名打籽绣。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong purse: red base cloth with rich and diverse embroidered animal patterns including dragons, kylins and divine birds. The bustling scene showcases the vibrancy of the natural world. Knot stitch is used. To create the complicated Dong knot stitch, a silk thread is used to outline the pattern first, and then the knot stitch technique is used to fill in the pattern. When making the knot stitch, the needle should be pierced from the back of the fabric to the front, and the tip of the needle should be looped twice on the bottom of the silk thread in a small granular circle about the size of a seed. This process is repeated until the small knots densely cover the entire pattern, hence the name ‘knot stitch’. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）大洋袋採用了紅色的底布，上面繡有豐富多樣的動物圖紋，如龍、麒麟、脊宇鳥等等，畫面非常熱鬧，繡出了大自然一派生機盎然的景象。此大洋袋運用了打籽繡。侗族打籽繡技藝繁複，先用絲線先將圖案勾繡出輪廓，再用打籽繡技法填充輪廓內部。繡針從背面向正面刺上來後，將針尖在絲線底腳卷上兩轉，繞成顆粒狀小圈，形成一粒籽，周而復始，直到這樣的小籽密密麻麻佈滿整個圖案內部，故而得名打籽繡。</text>
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                <text>现代 Modern</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Flat stitch&lt;/a&gt;，繁花纹 Blossom pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）大洋袋采用了红色的底布，夺目鲜明之余，亦有吉祥幸福之寓意。此大洋袋运用了平绣。在刺绣图案方面，中心的花朵以红色调绣线制作，再用蓝色调的绣线在四周绣上繁花纹。以同色调的绣线绘制边线和叶子，令繁花纹更突出立体，再添层次感和美感。由于土家族长期受汉族文化的影响，刺绣风格偏汉族文化。这反映了土家族与汉族长期杂居，形成文化相融的社会形态。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Tujia purse: eye catching red base cloth which connotes auspiciousness. Flat stitch is used. The flower at the centre of the patterns is made of red threads, and blossom patterns are embroidered on the four sides with blue threads. The borders and leaves are stitched with threads of the same colour to make the blossom patterns more prominent and three dimensional, thereby adding an extra layer of texture and artistic beauty. The embroidery style is similar to that of the Han and reflects the long standing cultural and social integration of Tujia and Han clans. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）大洋袋採用了紅色的底布，奪目鮮明之餘，亦有吉祥幸福之寓意。此大洋袋運用了平繡。在刺繡圖案方面，中心的花朵以紅色調繡線製作，再用藍色調的繡線在四周繡上繁花紋。以同色調的繡線繪製邊線和葉子，令繁花紋更突出立體，再添層次感和美感。由於土家族長期受漢族文化的影響，刺繡風格偏漢族文化。這反映了土家族與漢族長期雜居，形成文化相融的社會形態。</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州省铜仁市松桃县 Guizhou Tongren Songtao County</text>
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                <text>苗族口水兜 The Miao Bib</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;，蝙蝠 Bat pattern，如意 Ruyi</text>
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                <text>（简）口水兜除蓝色底部外，还使用了3种颜色的贴布制作，第一层为白色，第二层为黑色，第三层为红色，色彩搭配鲜明又不失典雅。此口水兜运用了剪贴绣。此件藏品的图案看似简单，实则非常用心。图案上虽只有蝙蝠和如意这两种图案，但图案的套用让该口水兜十分生动有趣。大如意里套着小如意，蝙蝠里套着小如意，还有各种如意的围绕与交错。甚富巧思的图案设计和精细的造工也表达了苗族妈妈对孩子的深厚母爱和美好祝福。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao bib: blue base fabric with a first layer of white fabric, a second layer of black fabric and a third layer of red fabric. The colour combination is sharp and elegant. Appliqué is used. The patterns on the bib may seem simple, but it is thoughtfully made. Although there are only bats and Ruyi patterns, the application of the pattern makes the bib look lively and interesting, with the small Ruyi placed within the large Ruyi as well as within the bat. All kinds of Ruyi interweave and surround one another. These exquisitely crafted and intricate pattern designs are a manifestation of the deep maternal love Miao mothers have for their children. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）口水兜除藍色底部外，還使用了3種顏色的貼佈製作，第一層為白色，第二層為黑色，第三層為紅色，色彩搭配鮮明又不失典雅。此口水兜運用了剪貼繡。此件藏品的圖案看似簡單，實則非常用心。圖案上雖只有蝙蝠和如意這兩種圖案，但圖案的套用讓該口水兜十分生動有趣。大如意裡套著小如意，蝙蝠裡套著小如意，還有各種如意的圍繞與交錯。甚富巧思的圖案設計和精細的造工也表達了苗族媽媽對孩子的深厚母愛和美好祝福。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#717</text>
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                <text>黎平县水口镇 Liping County Shuikou Town</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>布依族服饰上衣 The Bouyei Costume Top</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;，八角星 Octagram pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）服饰上衣的底布和刺绣都主要采用了蓝色调，上衣的衣袖和前胸部分都有八角星图案，整体较为沉实朴素。此服饰上衣运用了挑花和剪贴绣 。这件藏品这也是贯首服的一种，是为有领贯首衣。贯首服常见于苗族、壮族和布依族，由于面料珍贵和布幅宽度的限制，制作者便将衣服裁剪为几何形，尽量减少因裁剪而造成的布料浪费，是民间妇女「物尽其用」的智慧体现。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) The Bouyei Costume Top; The base fabric and embroideries are mainly in blue, which is relatively simple and plain. Crossing stitch and applique are used. It is a type of collared-robe. Robes are commonly found in the Miao, Zhuang and Buyi. Due to the rarity and the limitation in width of the fabrics, the makers cut the clothes into geometric shapes to minimize the waste of fabrics caused by cutting. It is a manifestation of wisdom of the folk women who “make best use of everything”. In terms of embroidery patterns, this costume is different from the octagram patterns found on previous clothings. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）服飾上衣的底布和刺繡都主要採用了藍色調，上衣的衣袖和前胸部分都有八角星圖案，整體較為沈實樸素。此服飾上衣運用了挑花和剪貼繡 。這件藏品這也是貫首服的一種，是為有領貫首衣。貫首服常見於苗族、壯族和布依族，由於面料珍貴和布幅寬度的限制，製作者便將衣服裁剪為幾何形，盡量減少因裁剪而造成的布料浪費，是民間婦女「物盡其用」的智慧體現。&#13;
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵阳市乌当区 Guiyang Wudang District</text>
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