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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>亻革家老蜡染袖片 The Gejia Old Batik Fabric</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，旋涡纹 Spiral pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）老蜡染袖片构图对称，中心有一个大圆形，相连着两个半圆形，上下则有一条直线包覆着。图形都被漩涡纹填满，纹样紧密排列，做工精细。此老蜡染袖片运用了蜡染的制作技艺。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。漩涡纹是出现较早的中国传统纹样之一，被认为是中国传统纹样审美思想和造型意识的起源。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案，非常具有想象力和创造力。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia old batik fabric: Batik, a technique of beeswax dyeing and drawing, is a traditional folk craft thousands of years old. This piece shows symmetrical composition with a large circle in the centre of the fabric, adjoined by two semi circles at both ends and straight lines on the top and bottom. Space inbetween the lines is filled with a meticulously stitched dense spiral pattern. Spiral patterns are one of the earliest traditional and ancient Chinese patterns. Gejia is a branch of the Miao, and they are renowned for their neat and intricate batik and embroidery. Gejia like to use geometrical patterns in imaginative and creative ways to lay out designs for their embroidery and batik.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）老蠟染袖片構圖對稱，中心有一個大圓形，相連著兩個半圓形，上下則有一條直線包覆著。圖形都被漩渦紋填滿，紋樣緊密排列，做工精細。此老蠟染袖片運用了蠟染的製作技藝。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。漩渦紋是出現較早的中國傳統紋樣之一，被認為是中國傳統紋樣審美思想和造型意識的起源。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案，非常具有想像力和創造力。 </text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#731</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县重安镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County Chongan Town</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>亻革家背带 The Gejia Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，在大几何纹内兼有勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern in big geomatry pattern，雷纹 Fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的图纹是排列整齐的八角形，每个八角形图案由勾云纹、雷纹组合而成。除了由八角形组成的主体，背带边缘亦绣有几何蝴蝶纹样。此背带运用了双针锁绣和数纱绣。由于勾云纹，雷纹常用于青铜器的制作纹样，所以当这样的纹样出现在刺绣中时，带给人们一种柔中见刚的视觉冲击，能感受到这个苗族分支刚毅的性情。此件藏品年代久远，工艺精巧，保存完整，颜色艳丽，是同时期的上乘之作。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: double-thread chain stitch and counted thread stitch. The belt is decorated with regularly arranged octagram patterns. Each octagon is composed of Chinese cloud and thunder patterns with geometric butterfly patterns stitched around the edges. As Chinese cloud and thunder patterns often appear on bronzeware, when such patterns are embroidered, it offers a visual aesthetic that delicately balances strength and softness and gives an insight into the fortitude of the Miao people. This belt is well preserved, rich in history, intricately created and vibrantly coloured. It is a remarkable piece of art. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的圖紋是排列整齊的八角形，每個八角形圖案由勾雲紋、雷紋組合而成。除了由八角形組成的主體，背帶邊緣亦繡有幾何蝴蝶紋樣。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡和數紗繡。由於勾雲紋，雷紋常用於青銅器的製作紋樣，所以當這樣的紋樣出現在刺繡中時，帶給人們一種柔中見剛的視覺衝擊，能感受到這個苗族分支剛毅的性情。此件藏品年代久遠，工藝精巧，保存完整，顏色艷麗，是同時期的上乘之作。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>亻革家背扇 The Gejia Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）背扇上饰有大片的深红色刺绣，红色寓意多福吉利，十分活泼欢欣。此背扇运用了双针锁绣和数纱绣。刺绣图纹由紧密排列的八边形和矩形组成，十分对称工整。几何图形内亦绣满浅橙色的绣纹，令整幅刺绣更有立体感。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案，非常具有想象力和创造力。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia baby carrying belt: decorated with a large piece of crimson embroidery with different shades of red symbolizing good luck and giving a sense of liveliness to the carrying belt. Double thread chain stitch and counted thread stitch are used. The embroidery pattern comprises neatly arranged symmetrical octagons and rectangles. Each geometric shape is then filled with light orange embroidery, creating a three dimensional effect. The Gejia belong to a branch of the Miao, and they are renowned for their neat and exquisite batik and embroidery. With imagination and creativity, they like to use arranged geometric patterns to lay out patterns for embroidery and batik. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背扇上飾有大片的深紅色刺繡，紅色寓意多福吉利，十分活潑歡欣。此背扇運用了雙針鎖繡和數紗繡。刺繡圖紋由緊密排列的八邊形和矩形組成，十分對稱工整。幾何圖形內亦繡滿淺橙色的繡紋，令整幅刺繡更有立體感。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案，非常具有想像力和創造力。</text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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&#13;
(ENG) Gejia Batik swaddling blanket: butterfly and divine bird patterns are symmetrically arranged, enclosed by a circular-letter pattern. Swaddling blankets were large wraps that could be used to swaddle a baby as well as to keep clothes, money and personal belongings. Batik refers to the process of beeswax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional craft that has been in existence for over a thousand years.   Creating batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. Creating  batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）小包被上的蝴蝶紋和脊宇鳥紋對稱排列，外圍是連續的迴紋。包被是包嬰兒的大方布，亦或是外出時包裹衣物、錢財及隨身物品所用。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。 </text>
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&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: batik with spiral filled square patterns. Batik is very labour intensive and time consuming to make. Batik is a traditional craft and refers to the process of beeswax drawing and dyeing. The exquisite patterns highlight the creator’s considerable skills and dedication to passing down these techniques from generation to generation. Regarded as one of the oldest design aesthetics, the spiral pattern is an ancient traditional Chinese pattern. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery, and are beautiful displays of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶上不同大小的矩形對稱排列，構圖工整，方形圖案裡面填滿了漩渦紋，手工細緻精巧。背帶運用了蠟染的製作技藝。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，工藝十分費工費時，精緻圖案凸顯製作者十分用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。漩渦紋是出現較早的中國傳統紋樣之一，被認為是中國傳統紋樣審美思想和造型意識的起源。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。</text>
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&#13;
(ENG) Gejia batik clothes: quaint and simple, using double-edge chain stitch, batik and counted thread stitch. Sleeves are adorned with red checkered patterns, making the overall colour more vibrant and eye-catching. The base colour of the batik clothes reveals the unique texture of batik and contrasts beautifully with the white pattern. The batik patterns are exquisite, with neat symmetrical chrysanthemum patterns in rich colours. Gejia is a subgroup of the Miao and the batik and embroideries made by the Gejia are especially neat and intricate. Gejia love to use regularly arranged geometric patterns for their embroidery and batik. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟染衣風格古樸，手袖以紅色方格紋點綴，令整體顏色更具亮點和有活力。蠟染衣的底色呈現蠟染獨具的紋理，與白色紋樣形成對比。此蠟染衣運用了雙邊鎖繡、蠟染和數紗繡。蠟染花紋細緻精巧，菊花圖案連續對稱，工整細膩，色彩濃郁。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案。 </text>
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                <text>（简）蜡染衣低调大方，连绵不断的蜡染纹样随性简朴，细看则察其做工精巧。蜡染图案蓝白分间，分布平均，一丝不苟。此背带运用了蜡染的制作技艺。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。蜡染的工艺十分费工费时，精致图案凸显制作者十分用心，把代代相传的传统工艺发扬光大。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik clothing: this cloth is decorated with a randomized, simple and continuous batik pattern that is graceful and subtle. Closer inspection reveals the intricate craftsmanship that has gone into making this clothing. Batik patterns are meticulously and evenly distributed with blue separating from white. Batik involves wax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional art that has been used by the Miao people for thousands of years. Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. The art of batik has been passed down through many generations.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟染衣低調大方，連綿不斷的蠟染紋樣隨性簡樸，細看則察其做工精巧。蠟染圖案藍白分間，分佈平均，一絲不苟。此背帶運用了蠟染的製作技藝。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。蠟染的工藝十分費工費時，精緻圖案凸顯製作者十分用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/28"&gt;亻革家蜡染衣 The Gejia Batik Cloth (#67)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;织锦（素锦-仅蓝白两色）Brocade (plain - blue and white only)&lt;/a&gt;，八角星 Octagram pattern ，雷纹 Fret pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）儿童背带裤蓝白相间，简约朴素，低调而不失美感。此背带裤运用了素锦的制作技艺。背带裤上织满了八角星、回纹、曲折纹等纹样，皆为中国传统古老的几何纹饰。最早出现在陶瓷和青铜器上，有吉祥、富贵绵长的美好寓意。八角星图案是大渡口文化时期人们对宇宙世界极简概括的形象表现。这些古老的几何图案如今还常出现于苗族、侗族的织锦服饰中，让我们窥见其民族的悠久历史的深远。他们延续的生产生活方式，对继承和延续中国传统文化符号起着不容忽视的作用。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Children’s overalls: decorated in fret, circular-letter and zig-zag patterns, stitched with blue and white threads. Both ancient and traditional, these Chinese geometric patterns first appeared on porcelain and bronze artifacts and signified auspiciousness and endless prosperity. These patterns are still commonly found on clothes of the Miao and the Dong today. The octagonal pattern indicates the long history of these ethnic minorities and reflects a minimalist view of the universe that was prevalent in the Dadukou cultural period. Traditional Chinese cultural symbols continue to be reflected in the unchanged production mode and lifestyles of ethnic minorities. The unchanged production mode and lifestyles of ethnic minorities are indispensable to the continuation of the traditional Chinese symbols. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）兒童背帶褲藍白相間，簡約樸素，低調而不失美感。此背帶褲運用了素錦的製作技藝。背帶褲上織滿了八角星、迴紋、曲折紋等紋樣，皆為中國傳統古老的幾何紋飾。最早出現在陶瓷和青銅器上，有吉祥、富貴綿長的美好寓意。八角星圖案是大渡口文化時期人們對宇宙世界極簡概括的形象表現。這些古老的幾何圖案如今還常出現於苗族、侗族的織錦服飾中，讓我們窺見其民族的悠久歷史的深遠。他們延續的生產生活方式，對繼承和延續中國傳統文化符號起著不容忽視的作用。&#13;
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>侗族刺绣上衣 The Dong Embroiderd Top</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couching-stitch"&gt;绞绣 Couching stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣整体为黑色，领子和袖口饰有刺绣，在红色底布上采用了金黄色的丝线，华丽秀美。在黑色衣服上刺绣时，侗族特别喜爱用金色丝线刺绣，这样会将服饰上的图案衬托得更加醒目亮丽。此刺绣上衣运用了绞绣。绣纹工整细致，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: black with couching stitch embroidery decorations on the collar and cuffs. Golden yellow embroidery thread is used on the red base cloth to create a striking elegant effect. The Dong especially love stitching with golden coloured embroidery threads on black cloth as it complements the patterns, allowing them to be even more vibrant and beautiful. The embroidery patterns are neat and intricate, revealing the creator’s serious approach to the stitching and outstanding craftsmanship.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣整體為黑色，領子和袖口飾有刺繡，在紅色底布上採用了金黃色的絲線，華麗秀美。在黑色衣服上刺繡時，侗族特別喜愛用金色絲線刺繡，這樣會將服飾上的圖案襯托得更加醒目亮麗。此刺繡上衣運用了絞繡。繡紋工整細緻，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州榕江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang County</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰底色深沉，采用了深红色和黑色，将卡其色刺的刺绣衬托得更为夺目，主次分明，富有层次感。此围腰运用了刺花和挑花。刺绣的构图对称，以线条和几何图形填满刺绣图型，连边框也用一样大小的三角形仔细装饰，工整细致。藏品的绣纹均匀分布，做工精巧，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Bellyband: base colours of dark red and black against eye-catching symmetrical khaki embroideries. Satin stitch and crossing stitch are used with distinct primary and secondary features with successful layering. A profusion of geometric patterns and lines distinguish the embroidery, with the borders intricately decorated with identical triangles that bestow neatness as well as detail. Embroideries are evenly distributed and the piece is masterfully made.  &#13;
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（繁）圍腰底色深沉，採用了深紅色和黑色，將卡其色刺的刺繡襯托得更為奪目，主次分明，富有層次感。此圍腰運用了刺花和挑花。刺繡的構圖對稱，以線條和幾何圖形填滿刺繡圖型，連邊框也用一樣大小的三角形仔細裝飾，工整細緻。藏品的繡紋均勻分佈，做工精巧，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="395">
                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="396">
                <text>#1230</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="397">
                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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