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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>蜡染百褶裙裙边 Batik Pleated Skirt Furbelow </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）百褶裙的裙边蓝白相间，曲线直线交错，简洁清雅而又不失心思。制作百褶裙的蜡染底布一般长3-5米，此裙边运用了蜡染的制作技巧。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。 苗族的蜡染技艺精湛，手工细腻，清秀脱俗。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik pleated skirt with furbelow: a neat and elegant piece decorated with horizontally-arranged patterned strips of both curved and straight lines. The batik base cloth for making pleated skirts is usually 3 to 5 metres long. Batik is a traditional craft with a history of over one thousand years. It is a technique that involves beeswax and dyeing. Miao women use melted beeswax to draw patterns on self woven white cloth. The cloth is then soaked into a barrel of indigo dye several times before it is taken out, then boiled in a pot to remove the wax and rinsed in water to remove the excess dye. Different white patterns are revealed when the wax is rinsed off.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）百褶裙的裙邊藍白相間，曲線直線交錯，簡潔清雅而又不失心思。製作百褶裙的蠟染底布一般長3-5米，此裙邊運用了蠟染的製作技巧。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。 苗族的蠟染技藝精湛，手工細膩，清秀脫俗。&#13;
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州省毕节 Guizhou Huajie</text>
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                <text>黔西蜡染袖片 Qianxi Batik Sleeves</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------coloured-batik"&gt;彩染 Colored Batik&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）袖片的蜡染部分为深蓝色和淡红色，袖口颜色则不同缤纷夺目，用了红，黄，绿等色。此袖片运用了彩染的制作技巧，衣袖部分是蜡染装饰片。彩染，顾名思义彩色蜡染，制作时使用了除蓝外的其他植物染料多次封蜡染色。蜡染图纹十分紧密，制作耗时，手工精细。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Qianxi batik sleeves: dark blue and pale red batik. The cuffs are vibrantly coloured in red, green, yellow and other colours. Coloured batik technique is used. Coloured batik, as the name suggests, is different from regular batik as it uses various botanical colourings other than indigo blue. The tightly arranged batik patterns are time consuming to make and display exquisite craftsmanship. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）袖片的蠟染部分為深藍色和淡紅色，袖口顏色則不同繽紛奪目，用了紅，黃，綠等色。此袖片運用了彩染的製作技巧，衣袖部分是蠟染裝飾片。彩染，顧名思義彩色蠟染，製作時使用了除藍外的其他植物染料多次封蠟染色。蠟染圖紋十分緊密，製作耗時，手工精細。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#1589</text>
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                <text>贵州省毕节市黔西县 Guizhou Huajie Qianxi County</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族背带 The Miao Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）背带有大幅的红色刺绣，由大小一致的方块图案组成。此背带主要运用了数纱绣。背带是少数民族背嬰兒的布兜，在少数民族的服饰文化具有特殊意義，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱。該件藏品的收藏价值甚高，大片拼接的刺绣十分罕见、工艺精细，且在岁月流逝中仍能保持颜色清晰，不可多得。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby Carrying Belt; decorated with large piece of embroidery composed of uniform squares. Baby carrying belt is a tool used by ethic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are usually produced with artisan techniques like batik, brocade and embroidery and are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture. The production of each baby carrying belt is time-consuming and it represents the deep love and beautiful wishes a mother has for her children. This collection, with its large pieces of splice, clear colours and remarkably fine workmanship, is rare and has high colleciton value. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶有大幅的紅色刺繡，由大小一致的方塊圖案組成。此背帶主要運用了數紗繡。背帶是少數民族背嬰兒的布兜，在少數民族的服飾文化具有特殊意義，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，大片拼接的刺繡十分罕見、工藝精細，且在歲月流逝中仍能保持顏色清晰，不可多得。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#45</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Flat stitch&lt;/a&gt;，石榴 Pomegranate，蝴蝶 Butterfly，脊宇鸟 Divine bird，荷花 Lotus flower</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的刺绣取材自大自然的万物，在红色方格里绣上鸟儿，蝴蝶，花果，有动有静，唯妙唯肖，与黑色底布形成强烈对比。此背带主要运用了平绣。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，美观实用，每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: black base fabric with highly contrasted embroidered red squares taking inspiration from the natural world with birds, butterflies, flowers and fruit patterns. Flat stitch is used. Reflecting the Miao’s passionate love of and respect for the natural world, the belt is realistically decorated with various animals and plants, including flowers, fruits, butterflies and divine birds to create a sense of stillness as well as liveliness. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and are a crucial part of ethnic minority clothing culture. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery. Each baby carrying belt is time consuming to make and is a beautiful display of the ways in which a mother expresses her deep love and hopes for her children. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的刺繡取材自大自然的萬物，在紅色方格里繡上鳥兒，蝴蝶，花果，有動有靜，唯妙唯肖，與黑色底布形成強烈對比。此背帶主要運用了平繡。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，美觀實用，每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;细数纱绣 Fine counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;细挑花 Fine crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Flat stitch&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，花草纹 Flower and grass pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern，铜钱纹 Coin pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带主体为黑色，加上红色的刺绣部分，颜色对比鲜明。此背带运用了剪贴绣、细数纱绣、细挑花和平绣。多元化的制作技艺凸显制作者功力深厚，将不同技法融会贯通，制作出精巧的藏品。少数民族妇女背小孩时会使用背带，背带制作精美，是母爱最直接的表现。該件藏品的收藏价值甚高，图案装饰性很强，简单明快。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: mainly black with highly contrasting red embroidery.  Appliqué, fine counted thread stitch, fine crossing stitch and flat stitch are used. The exemplary use of diversified techniques in the belt highlights the profound skills of its creator. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and represent the deep love and hopes that a mother has for her children. This belt, with its large pieces of splice, clear colours and remarkably fine workmanship, is rare and highly collectible. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶主體為黑色，佐以紅色的刺繡部分，中心的蝴蝶圖紋搶眼奪目。此背帶運用了剪貼繡、細數紗繡、細挑花和平繡。多元化的製作技藝凸顯製作者功力深厚，將不同技法融會貫通，製作出精巧的藏品。少數民族婦女背小孩時會使用背帶，背帶製作精美，是母愛最直接的表現。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，圖案裝飾性很強，簡單明快。</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黎平县水口镇 Liping County Shuikou Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couched-braid-stitch"&gt;辫绣 Couched braid stitch&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，连草纹 Grass pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的刺绣部分主要了采用红色和卡其色丝线，中心的大幅刺绣则用了更多色彩，如黄、绿、棕、紫红色等等，活泼明亮。此背带运用了剪贴绣、辫绣、彩锦、数纱绣和挑花。根据《枫木歌》，蝴蝶纹代表苗族祖先，可见制作者，表达了对祖先的崇敬与缅怀。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: with red and khaki silk threads. The central large embroidered piece is vibrantly and sharply combined with even more colours such as yellow, green, brown and purplish red. Applique, couched braid stitch, coloured brocade, counted thread stitch and crossing stitch are used. According to Maple Song, butterfly patterns symbolize the Miao’s ancestors and their veneration of the dead.  Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies and are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery.  Each baby carrying belt is time consuming and laborious to make and is a beautiful display of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的刺繡部分主要了採用紅色和卡其色絲線，中心的大幅刺繡則用了更多色彩，如黃、綠、棕、紫紅色等等，活潑明亮。此背帶運用了剪貼繡、辮繡、彩錦、數紗繡和挑花。根據《楓木歌》，蝴蝶紋代表苗族祖先，可見製作者，表達了對祖先的崇敬與緬懷。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰两侧的深蓝色，衬托了中间鲜艳的红色刺绣部分。此围腰运用了平绣。苗族刺绣喜绣大自然的万物，喜将动植物进行组合，所以可以看到这副刺绣中蝴蝶的翅膀是兩片展开的树叶，或是将小动物的身体绣成一朵花，或是蝴蝶的身体绣出了一张人脸，甚至有的还绣出了小动物的内脏。围腰上绣的动物千姿百态，灵动，可爱，丝线色彩大胆而热烈。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Belly band: flat stitch with a central bright red embroidery, rounded off with deep blue flanks. The Miao combined intricate stitching patterns to represent animals and plants from their natural environment. In this belly band, unfolded leaves are stitched as embroidered butterfly wings, and a human face is stitched on its body. Animal bodies are woven as flowers, and even the organs of the animals are stitched. A diversity of spirited and cute animals are stitched in vibrant and bold colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰兩側的深藍色，襯託了中間鮮豔的紅色刺繡部分。此圍腰運用了平繡。苗族刺繡喜繡大自然的萬物，喜將動植物進行組合，所以可以看到這副刺繡中蝴蝶的翅膀是兩片展開的樹葉，或是將小動物的身體繡成一朵花，或是蝴蝶的身體繡出了一張人臉，甚至有的還繡出了小動物的內臟。圍腰上繡的動物千姿百態，靈動，可愛，絲線色彩大膽而熱烈。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，井字纹 Oxford pattern，冰花纹 Ice flake pattern，几何蝴蝶纹 Geometric butterfly pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）贯首衣只用了黑白灰的颜色，对称的刺绣部分细致繁复，简约而不简单。此贯首衣运用了挑花和数纱绣。最早有关贯首衣的记载在&lt;旧唐书南平僚传&gt;中有记载，妇女横布两幅，穿中而贯其首。这种衣服款式苗族，壮族，布依族常见，将衣服裁剪为几何形，是因面料珍贵，布幅宽度限制，尽量减少因裁剪而造成的布料浪费，是民间妇女「物尽其用」的智慧体现。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) The Bouyei robe: black, grey and white fabric. Crossing stitch and counted thread stitch are used. The symmetrical embroidery is fine and ornate. The earliest documentation of the Bouyei robe can be found in the Old Book of Tang Nanping Rau Biography, which states that “women take out two long [pieces of] cloth, stitch them together and wear them by pulling them over their heads”. The Miao, the Zhuang and the Bouyei all used this style of clothing. The fabric used is expensive and precious, and clothes are cut by women into geometric patterns to maximise every portion of the fabric and minimise waste, demonstrating folk wisdom. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）貫首衣只用了黑白灰的顏色，對稱的刺繡部分細緻繁複，簡約而不簡單。此貫首衣運用了挑花和數紗繡。最早有關貫首衣的記載在&lt;舊唐書南平僚傳&gt;中有記載，婦女橫布兩幅，穿中而貫其首。這種衣服款式苗族，壯族，布依族常見，將衣服裁剪為幾何形，是因面料珍貴，布幅寬度限制，盡量減少因裁剪而造成的布料浪費，是民間婦女「物盡其用」的智慧體現。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵阳市乌当区 Guiyang Wudang District</text>
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                <text>亻革家老背带 The Gejia Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，雷纹 Fret pattern，勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带上饰有大小一致的方块图案，金色和红色的绣線為背带添吉祥之意。背带上附有黑色带子，皆有精致的刺绣。此背带运用了双针锁绣、数纱绣和蜡染。浅色的绣线把图案延伸，由规律编排变成梅花间竹的花纹，多元化的纹样令质感更丰富。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作。背带是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: decorated with uniform squares. Golden yellow and red embroidery threads are an expression of auspiciousness. It is sewn with intricately embroidered black straps using double-thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and batik. Pale coloured embroidery thread is used to extend the overall design from regularly arranged to alternating patterns with plum blossom and bamboo, creating a rich and diversified texture. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are made to exceptionally high craftsmanship standards using batik, brocade and embroidery techniques. Baby carrying belts are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture and are beautiful displays of the ways in which mothers express their deep love and hopes for their children.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶上飾有大小一致的方塊圖案，金色和紅色的繡線為背帶添吉祥之意。背帶上附有黑色帶子，皆有精緻的刺繡。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡、數紗繡和蠟染。淺色的繡線把圖案延伸，由規律編排變成梅花間竹的花紋，多元化的紋樣令質感更豐富。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作。背帶是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝願。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#323</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------patchwork-stitch"&gt;拼贴绣 Patchwork stitch&lt;/a&gt;，大菱形图案 Rhombic pattern，勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带中心绣有红色的大菱形图案，将勾云纹和抽象蝴蝶纹分饰内外。上方的贴布和外围的绣线也呼应红色和金色的配色，与黑色底色对比鲜明。此背带使用了拼贴绣。图案分布均匀有致，美观精巧。精美的刺绣不仅体现了当时制作者超高的技艺，也反映出她们丰富的想象力和对生活的热爱。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: black with a large rhombus-shaped red pattern stitched on the centre back. Both the inside and outside of the rhombus are decorated with Chinese cloud and butterfly-like patterns. The appliqué in the top area and the embroidery threads of the surrounding periphery are consistent with the red and gold colour theme, which beautifully contrasts with the black base of the carrying belt. Patchwork stitch is used and the patterns are evenly distributed, intricate and beautiful. The exquisite embroidery embodies the masterful craftsmanship of its creators, and also reflects a rich imagination and passion towards life.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶中心繡有紅色的大菱形圖案，將勾雲紋和抽象蝴蝶紋分飾內外。上方的貼佈和外圍的繡線也呼應紅色和金色的配色，與黑色底色對比鮮明。此背帶使用了拼貼繡。圖案分佈均勻有致，美觀精巧。精美的刺繡不僅體現了當時製作者超高的技藝，也反映出她們豐富的想像力和對生活的熱愛。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-白领苗 The Miao - Bailing Miao</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/9"&gt;白领苗背带 The Bailing Miao Baby Carrying Belt (#485)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>丹寨县复兴乡 Danzhai County Fuxing Town</text>
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