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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>侗族织锦小童衣 The Dong Children Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;侗族彩锦 The Dong coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）小童衣通体都满布织锦，亦添加了红、绿、蓝等色彩，令衣服更缤纷活泼，切合小童的天真烂漫。此小童衣运用了侗族彩锦。小童衣中间织有垂直的三个大菱形，构图对称，图案排列紧密。侗族的织锦图纹相当丰富，例如植物纹、动物纹、几何纹和抽象符号纹，每个图纹都具有深厚的文化意涵，是侗族妇女代代相传的传统技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong children’s coat: Dong coloured brocade with vibrant red, green and blue to reflect the innocence of childhood. Three large vertical rhombuses are stitched at the centre of the coat with a symmetrical and tightly arranged pattern. Dong brocade has diverse patterns, including plant, animal, geometric and abstract patterns. Each pattern has a deep cultural meaning. Dong women pass down the skilled craft of brocade from generation to generation. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）小童衣通體都滿佈織錦，亦添加了紅、綠、藍等色彩，令衣服更繽紛活潑，切合小童的天真爛漫。此小童衣運用了侗族彩錦。小童衣中間織有垂直的三個大菱形，構圖對稱，圖案排列緊密。侗族的織錦圖紋相當豐富，例如植物紋、動物紋、幾何紋和抽象符號紋，每個圖紋都具有深厚的文化意涵，是侗族婦女代代相傳的傳統技藝。 </text>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>施洞老苗衣 Shidong Old Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------split-thread-stich"&gt;破线绣 Split-thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，鱼纹 Fish pattern，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern，牛 Cow，水纹，花 Flower，人物 Human figures</text>
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                <text>（简）施洞地区绣苗衣，刺绣喜用红色。此老苗衣运用了破线绣、双针锁绣和叠绣。破线绣，双针锁绣是该地区刺绣工艺的代表，而领部多采用叠绣工艺，底布多采用牛皮布。施洞地区图案多采用动物，如牛、鱼、龙、蝴蝶、脊宇鸟等，人物多代表他们族群的首领或英雄。刺繡上的牛描繪了內臟的部分，是最原始的透視表現。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，除了极高的工艺价值，年代久远亦令藏品具极高的历史收藏价值。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao coat: embroidered in the Shidong area, and red is preferred for embroidery. Split-thread stitch, double-thread chain stitch and stack stitch are used. Split-thread stitch and double-thread chain stitch are the representatives of the embroidery in this region. The collar is made of stack stitch, and the base fabric is made of cowhide. The patterns in the Shidong area are mostly animals, such as cows, fishes, dragons, butterflies, divine birds. The figures represent the leaders or heroes of their ethnic groups. The embroidered cow uniquely depicts a translucent view of the cow’s internal organs. The exquisite craftsmanship of this coat makes it a highly valued part of the collection. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）施洞地區繡苗衣，刺繡喜用紅色。此老苗衣運用了破線繡、雙針鎖繡和疊繡。破線繡，雙針鎖繡是該地區刺繡工藝的代表，而領部多采用疊繡工藝，底布多采用牛皮布。施洞地區圖案多采用動物，如牛、魚、龍、蝴蝶、脊宇鳥等，人物多代表他們族群的首領或英雄。刺繡上的牛描繪了內臟的部分，是最原始的透視表現。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，除了極高的工藝價值，年代久遠亦令藏品具極高的歷史收藏價值。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#689</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县施洞镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Taijiang County Shidong Town</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>梭嘎苗衣 Suojia Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------coloured-batik"&gt;彩染 Coloured batik&lt;/a&gt;，刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>（简）梭嘎苗衣，款式修身窄袖，后摆延长似燕尾。苗衣主要为蓝绿色调，蜡染的图纹集中在领子、肩部和袖子，整体较为朴素简约，典雅大方。此苗衣运用了彩染和刺绣。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。蜡染的工艺十分费工费时，精致图案凸显制作者十分用心，把代代相传的传统工艺发扬光大。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Suojia Miao Coat: slim-fit design and narrow sleeves, with the extended back hem like a dovetail. The Miao coat is predominantly in blue-green colours, with patterns concentrate at the collar, shoulder and sleeves. Coloured batik and embroidery are used. Batik refers to the process of beeswax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional craft that has been in existence for over a thousand years. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. Creating batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. The art of batik has been passed down through many generations. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）梭嘎苗衣，款式修身窄袖，后摆延长似燕尾。苗衣主要為藍綠色調，蠟染的圖紋集中在領子、肩部和袖子，整體較為樸素簡約，典雅大方。此苗衣運用了彩染和刺繡。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。蠟染的工藝十分費工費時，精緻圖案凸顯製作者十分用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州省六盘水市六枝特区 Guizhou Liupen Liuzhi Special District </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，鸟龙纹 Bird dragon pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）蜡画中间绘有鸟龙纹，外框则饰有方形和几何图案。此蜡画运用了蜡染的制作技艺。蜡画，即蜡染的第一步，铜质蜡刀蘸上枫蜡溶液于纯棉白布上绘制图案，少数民族女孩一般从6-7岁便开始学习画蜡，由家中母亲、外婆、奶奶等传授。蜡画图案的鸟龙纹屬於榕江地区蜡染风格，图案线条流畅细腻，灵动可爱，栩栩如生，需要长时间的学习和制作才可有此画蜡功底。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik drawing:  bird dragon pattern drawn in the middle, with squares and geometric patterns decorated on the borders of the drawing. Techniques of batik are used to produce this drawing. Batik drawing is the first step of batik. The copper wax knife is dipped in maple wax solution to draw patterns on white cotton cloth. Taught by the mother, grandmother and grandma, minority girls generally start to learn wax painting from the age of 6-7. The bird dragon pattern on the batik drawing belongs to the batik style in the Rongjiang area. The pattern is smooth, delicate, vibrant and realistic. The excellent skills of batik drawing require a long time to learn and practice.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟畫中間繪有鳥龍紋，外框則飾有方形和幾何圖案。此蠟畫運用了蠟染的製作技藝。蠟畫，即蠟染的第一步，銅質蠟刀蘸上楓蠟溶液於純棉白布上繪製圖案，少數民族女孩一般從6-7歲便開始學習畫蠟，由家中母親、外婆、奶奶等傳授。蠟畫圖案的鳥龍紋屬於榕江地區蠟染風格，圖案線條流暢細膩，靈動可愛，栩栩如生，需要長時間的學習和製作才可有此畫蠟功底。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州榕江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang County</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------satin-stitch"&gt;刺花 Satin stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰底色深沉，采用了深红色和黑色，将卡其色刺的刺绣衬托得更为夺目，主次分明，富有层次感。此围腰运用了刺花和挑花。刺绣的构图对称，以线条和几何图形填满刺绣图型，连边框也用一样大小的三角形仔细装饰，工整细致。藏品的绣纹均匀分布，做工精巧，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Bellyband: base colours of dark red and black against eye-catching symmetrical khaki embroideries. Satin stitch and crossing stitch are used with distinct primary and secondary features with successful layering. A profusion of geometric patterns and lines distinguish the embroidery, with the borders intricately decorated with identical triangles that bestow neatness as well as detail. Embroideries are evenly distributed and the piece is masterfully made.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰底色深沉，採用了深紅色和黑色，將卡其色刺的刺繡襯托得更為奪目，主次分明，富有層次感。此圍腰運用了刺花和挑花。刺繡的構圖對稱，以線條和幾何圖形填滿刺繡圖型，連邊框也用一樣大小的三角形仔細裝飾，工整細緻。藏品的繡紋均勻分佈，做工精巧，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。</text>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#1230</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>布依族织锦片 The Bouyei Tapestry</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，菱形纹 Rhombic pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦片浅黄色和青蓝色相间，采用了较低调的对比色，为藏品增添色彩同时亦令其更为朴实耐看。此织锦片运用了彩锦。织锦图案是一样大小的方形整齐排列，构图对称工整。方形的中间亦饰有几何图纹，做工精巧细致，留白得恰的好处，可见制作者的审美观和高超技艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Tapestry: alternating colours of light yellow and cyan. The modest complementary colours render the tapestry simple yet also highly pleasing to the eye. Colour brocade is used. Patterns of the tapestry are formed by a regular arrangement of identical squares, leading to a symmetrically neat composition. Geometric patterns are decorated at the centre of each square and the workmanship is intricate and detailed. Intentionally left blank spaces are aesthetically pleasing and reveal the high artistry of the tapestry’s creator. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦片淺黃色和青藍色相間，採用了較低調的對比色，為藏品增添色彩同時亦令其更為樸實耐看。此織錦片運用了彩錦。織錦圖案是一樣大小的方形整齊排列，構圖對稱工整。方形的中間亦飾有幾何圖紋，做工精巧細緻，留白得恰的好處，可見製作者的審美觀和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#1250</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>黔西蜡染袖片 Qianxi Batik Sleeves</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------coloured-batik"&gt;彩染 Coloured batik&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）袖片的彩染集中在中部，呈暗红色，袖口颜色则另外缤纷，以红，蓝，黄相间。此袖片运用了彩染的制作技巧，衣袖部分是蜡染装饰片。彩染，顾名思义彩色蜡染，制作时使用了除靛蓝外的其他植物染料多次密封蜡染色而成。苗族的蜡染技巧高超，变化多样，用色大胆鲜明。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik sleeves; with coloured batik concentrated at the centre in maroon. The cuffs are decorated in alternating red, blue and yellow. Coloured batik, as its name suggests, is the production of batik in colours. It is made by the repetitive sealing of melted wax and the use of plant-based dyes other than indigo. The Miao are extremely skillful at creating diverse and boldly coloured batik. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）袖片的彩染集中在中部，呈暗紅色，袖口顏色則另外繽紛，以紅，藍，黃相間。此袖片運用了彩染的製作技巧，衣袖部分是蠟染裝飾片。彩染，顧名思義彩色蠟染，製作時使用了除靛藍外的其他植物染料多次密封蠟染色而成。苗族的蠟染技巧高超，變化多樣，用色大膽鮮明。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Flat stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------split-thread-stich"&gt;破线绣 &lt;span&gt;Split-thread&lt;/span&gt; stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）出嫁包在红色底布上绣有绿、黄、红色的饰纹，并附有一条靛蓝色的带子，色彩艳丽，华丽夺目。此出嫁包运用了平绣、破线绣、叠绣。刺绣图案构图饱满，对称工整，做工仔细。由于土家族长期受汉族文化的影响，刺绣风格偏汉族文化。刺绣图案也反映了土家族与汉族长期杂居，形成文化相融的社会形态。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Tujia wedding purse: red base cloth embroidered with green, yellow and red patterns. The purse comes with a colourful and gorgeous blue indigo belt. Flat stitch, split-thread stitch, stack stitch are used. Composition of the embroidery patterns is full, symmetrical and neat. As the Tujia have been influenced by Han culture for a long time, the embroidery style is similar to the Han. Embroidery patterns also are reflective of the fact that the Tujia and Han people have lived together for a long time and have a similar cultural heritage. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）出嫁包在紅色底布上繡有綠、黃、紅色的飾紋，並附有一條靛藍色的帶子，色彩艷麗，華麗奪目。此出嫁包運用了平繡、破線繡、疊繡。刺繡圖案構圖飽滿，對稱工整，做工仔細。由於土家族長期受漢族文化的影響，刺繡風格偏漢族文化。刺繡圖案也反映了土家族與漢族長期雜居，形成文化相融的社會形態。 </text>
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                <text>土家族 The Tujia</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州省铜仁市松桃县 Guizhou Tongren Songtao County</text>
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                <text>侗族老背扇 The Dong Baby Carrying Belt </text>
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                <text>（简）老背扇绣有大幅红色刺绣，绣出了大自然一派生机盎然的景象。侗族也是刺绣技法相当丰富的少数民族，前面出现过刺花、彩锦、素锦等，现在这件背扇工艺又出现了侗族打籽绣，图案非常热闹，出现了许多的吉祥瑞兽，如凤凰、龙、麒麟、老蛇、羊，此外还有水、山、太阳、蝴蝶、鸟、花和房屋。图案中心用铜钱和双钩云纹将动植物们上下左右的进行对称分布，又运用不同的色彩和形态进行区分，呈现出了一种对称当中的不对称的视觉感受。此老背扇运用了打籽绣。侗族打籽绣先用丝线先将图案勾绣出轮廓，再用打籽绣技法填充轮廓内部。绣针从背面向正面刺上来后，将针尖在丝线底脚卷上两转，绕成颗粒状小圈，形成一粒籽，周而复始，直到这样的小籽密密麻麻布满整个图案内部，故而得名打籽绣。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong baby carrying belt: with large red embroidery which vividly imagined natural scene. The Dong is an ethnic minority with rich embroidery techniques. Satin stitch, coloured brocade, plain brocade are found in other Dong pieces, and this baby carrying belt used the Dong knot stitch. The embroidery pattern is very vibrant, with many auspicious beasts such as Phoenix, dragon, Kylin, old snake, sheep. There are also water, mountains, sun, butterflies, birds, flowers and houses. The centre of the pattern is decorated with copper coins and cloud patterns, symmetrically distributing the animals and plants in a vertical, left to right manner. Distinctive colours and shapes create a richly composed asymmetrical yet symmetrical visual experience. Dong knot stitch is used. The Dong knot stitch uses a silk thread to first outline a pattern before using the knot stitch technique to fill in the pattern. When making the knot stitch, the needle should be pierced from the back of the fabric to the front, and the tip of the needle should be looped twice on the bottom of the silk thread in a small granular circle to form a knot. This technique is repeated until the small knots densely cover the entire pattern, hence the name ‘knot stitch’.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）老背扇繡有大幅紅色刺繡，繡出了大自然一派生機盎然的景象。侗族也是刺繡技法相當豐富的少數民族，前面出現過刺花、彩錦、素錦等，現在這件背扇工藝又出現了侗族打籽繡，圖案非常熱鬧，出現了許多的吉祥瑞獸，如鳳凰、龍、麒麟、老蛇、羊，此外還有水、山、太陽、蝴蝶、鳥、花和房屋。圖案中心用銅錢和雙鉤雲紋將動植物們上下左右的進行對稱分佈，又運用不同的色彩和形態進行區分，呈現出了一種對稱當中的不對稱的視覺感受。此老背扇運用了打籽繡。侗族打籽繡先用絲線先將圖案勾繡出輪廓，再用打籽繡技法填充輪廓內部。繡針從背面向正面刺上來後，將針尖在絲線底腳卷上兩轉，繞成顆粒狀小圈，形成一粒籽，周而復始，直到這樣的小籽密密麻麻佈滿整個圖案內部，故而得名打籽繡。</text>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------split-thread-stich"&gt;破线绣 Split-thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，繁花纹 Blossom pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）大洋袋采用了红色的底布，除了夺目鲜明，亦有吉祥幸福之寓意。此大洋袋运用了破线绣。在刺绣图案方面，中心绣有一朵大红花，再衬托四周的繁花纹。其余部分的花草则主要用蓝色调的丝线制作，并佐以青绿色和鹅黄色，使藏品色彩更丰富，再添层次感和美感。由于土家族长期受汉族文化的影响，刺绣风格偏汉族文化。这反映了土家族与汉族长期杂居，形成文化相融的社会形态。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Tujia purse: red base cloth with flat stitch. The colour red is eye-catching and conotes auspiciousness. A large red flower is embroidered at the centre, surrounded by blossom patterns. The rest of the flower and grass patterns are stitched with blue toned, turquoise and yellow silk threads. These colour patterns create a beautiful layering effect. Due to the strong influence of the Han culture on the Tujia people, the embroidery style is close to that of the Han, reflecting the perennial social and cultural integration of Tujia and Han. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）大洋袋採用了紅色的底布，除了奪目鮮明，亦有吉祥幸福之寓意。此大洋袋運用了破線繡。在刺繡圖案方面，中心繡有一朵大紅花，再襯托四周的繁花紋。其餘部分的花草則主要用藍色調的絲線製作，並佐以青綠色和鵝黃色，使藏品色彩更豐富，再添層次感和美感。由於土家族長期受漢族文化的影響，刺繡風格偏漢族文化。這反映了土家族與漢族長期雜居，形成文化相融的社會形態。</text>
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                <text>土家族 The Tujia</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="436">
                <text>#40</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="437">
                <text>贵州省铜仁市松桃县 Guizhou Tongren Songtao County</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
