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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族装饰片 The Miao Decorative Fabric</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------metal-gimp-embroider"&gt;锡绣 Metal gimp stitich&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geomatry pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）此物件为贵州剑河地区苗族妇女后背上的装饰片，刺绣集中在中间位置，尾端亦饰有流苏。此装饰片运用了锡绣。锡绣属于一种金属刺绣，制作时分两步。第一步，需要先打底，所谓打底是指用挑花技法，白色丝线先将图案绣于黑布上，这样的绣片我们称之为“老母花”；第二步，将金属锡打成细小薄片，用针线装订于该图案上，每一针装订一片小锡片，而流苏的地方则是用锡片裹于丝线上制成，非常费工，制作这样一件绣片，需要1-2年的时间。剑河地区喜黑白两色制作刺绣和织锦，较为朴素简约，典雅大方。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Decorative Fabric: a decorative piece on the back of a Miao woman in Jianhe area, Guizhou. Embroideries is concentrated at the centre and the hem is decorated with tassels. Metal gimp stitch is used. Metal gimp is a kind of metal embroidery, which is made in two steps. First, you need to make a primer that uses crossing stitch to embroider the pattern on the black cloth with white silk thread. This embroidery piece is called “Lao Mu Hua”; the second step is to cut the metal tin into thin slices and stitch them on the pattern. Each tin piece is sewed stitch by stitch, and the tassels are made by wrapping the tin pieces on the silk thread. This is very labour intensive as it takes 1-2 years to produce one piece of embroidery work. The Jianhe area likes to make embroidery and brocade in black and white for a simplistic and elegant style.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）此物件為貴州劍河地區苗族婦女後背上的裝飾片，刺繡集中在中間位置，尾端亦飾有流蘇。此裝飾片運用了錫繡。錫繡屬於一種金屬刺繡，製作時分兩步。第一步，需要先打底，所謂打底是指用挑花技法，白色絲線先將圖案繡於黑布上，這樣的繡片我們稱之為“老母花”；第二步，將金屬錫打成細小薄片，用針線裝訂於該圖案上，每一針裝訂一片小錫片，而流甦的地方則是用錫片裹於絲線上製成，非常費工，製作這樣一件繡片，需要1 -2年的時間。劍河地區喜黑白兩色製作刺繡和織錦，較為樸素簡約，典雅大方。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>凯里市剑河县南寨乡 Kaili Jianhe County Nanzhai Village</text>
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                <text>施洞老苗衣 Shidong Old Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------split-thread-stich"&gt;破线绣 Split-thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，鱼纹 Fish pattern，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern，牛 Cow，水纹，花 Flower，人物 Human figures</text>
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                <text>（简）施洞地区绣苗衣，刺绣喜用红色。此老苗衣运用了破线绣、双针锁绣和叠绣。破线绣，双针锁绣是该地区刺绣工艺的代表，而领部多采用叠绣工艺，底布多采用牛皮布。施洞地区图案多采用动物，如牛、鱼、龙、蝴蝶、脊宇鸟等，人物多代表他们族群的首领或英雄。刺繡上的牛描繪了內臟的部分，是最原始的透視表現。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，除了极高的工艺价值，年代久远亦令藏品具极高的历史收藏价值。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao coat: embroidered in the Shidong area, and red is preferred for embroidery. Split-thread stitch, double-thread chain stitch and stack stitch are used. Split-thread stitch and double-thread chain stitch are the representatives of the embroidery in this region. The collar is made of stack stitch, and the base fabric is made of cowhide. The patterns in the Shidong area are mostly animals, such as cows, fishes, dragons, butterflies, divine birds. The figures represent the leaders or heroes of their ethnic groups. The embroidered cow uniquely depicts a translucent view of the cow’s internal organs. The exquisite craftsmanship of this coat makes it a highly valued part of the collection. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）施洞地區繡苗衣，刺繡喜用紅色。此老苗衣運用了破線繡、雙針鎖繡和疊繡。破線繡，雙針鎖繡是該地區刺繡工藝的代表，而領部多采用疊繡工藝，底布多采用牛皮布。施洞地區圖案多采用動物，如牛、魚、龍、蝴蝶、脊宇鳥等，人物多代表他們族群的首領或英雄。刺繡上的牛描繪了內臟的部分，是最原始的透視表現。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，除了極高的工藝價值，年代久遠亦令藏品具極高的歷史收藏價值。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#689</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县施洞镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Taijiang County Shidong Town</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>梭嘎苗衣 Suojia Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------coloured-batik"&gt;彩染 Coloured batik&lt;/a&gt;，刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>（简）梭嘎苗衣，款式修身窄袖，后摆延长似燕尾。苗衣主要为蓝绿色调，蜡染的图纹集中在领子、肩部和袖子，整体较为朴素简约，典雅大方。此苗衣运用了彩染和刺绣。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。蜡染的工艺十分费工费时，精致图案凸显制作者十分用心，把代代相传的传统工艺发扬光大。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Suojia Miao Coat: slim-fit design and narrow sleeves, with the extended back hem like a dovetail. The Miao coat is predominantly in blue-green colours, with patterns concentrate at the collar, shoulder and sleeves. Coloured batik and embroidery are used. Batik refers to the process of beeswax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional craft that has been in existence for over a thousand years. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. Creating batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. The art of batik has been passed down through many generations. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）梭嘎苗衣，款式修身窄袖，后摆延长似燕尾。苗衣主要為藍綠色調，蠟染的圖紋集中在領子、肩部和袖子，整體較為樸素簡約，典雅大方。此苗衣運用了彩染和刺繡。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。蠟染的工藝十分費工費時，精緻圖案凸顯製作者十分用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。 </text>
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                <text>贵州省六盘水市六枝特区 Guizhou Liupen Liuzhi Special District </text>
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                <text>（简）蜡画中间绘有鸟龙纹，外框则饰有方形和几何图案。此蜡画运用了蜡染的制作技艺。蜡画，即蜡染的第一步，铜质蜡刀蘸上枫蜡溶液于纯棉白布上绘制图案，少数民族女孩一般从6-7岁便开始学习画蜡，由家中母亲、外婆、奶奶等传授。蜡画图案的鸟龙纹屬於榕江地区蜡染风格，图案线条流畅细腻，灵动可爱，栩栩如生，需要长时间的学习和制作才可有此画蜡功底。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik drawing:  bird dragon pattern drawn in the middle, with squares and geometric patterns decorated on the borders of the drawing. Techniques of batik are used to produce this drawing. Batik drawing is the first step of batik. The copper wax knife is dipped in maple wax solution to draw patterns on white cotton cloth. Taught by the mother, grandmother and grandma, minority girls generally start to learn wax painting from the age of 6-7. The bird dragon pattern on the batik drawing belongs to the batik style in the Rongjiang area. The pattern is smooth, delicate, vibrant and realistic. The excellent skills of batik drawing require a long time to learn and practice.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟畫中間繪有鳥龍紋，外框則飾有方形和幾何圖案。此蠟畫運用了蠟染的製作技藝。蠟畫，即蠟染的第一步，銅質蠟刀蘸上楓蠟溶液於純棉白布上繪製圖案，少數民族女孩一般從6-7歲便開始學習畫蠟，由家中母親、外婆、奶奶等傳授。蠟畫圖案的鳥龍紋屬於榕江地區蠟染風格，圖案線條流暢細膩，靈動可愛，栩栩如生，需要長時間的學習和製作才可有此畫蠟功底。</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州榕江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang County</text>
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                <text>（简）袖片的彩染集中在中部，呈暗红色，袖口颜色则另外缤纷，以红，蓝，黄相间。此袖片运用了彩染的制作技巧，衣袖部分是蜡染装饰片。彩染，顾名思义彩色蜡染，制作时使用了除靛蓝外的其他植物染料多次密封蜡染色而成。苗族的蜡染技巧高超，变化多样，用色大胆鲜明。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik sleeves; with coloured batik concentrated at the centre in maroon. The cuffs are decorated in alternating red, blue and yellow. Coloured batik, as its name suggests, is the production of batik in colours. It is made by the repetitive sealing of melted wax and the use of plant-based dyes other than indigo. The Miao are extremely skillful at creating diverse and boldly coloured batik. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）袖片的彩染集中在中部，呈暗紅色，袖口顏色則另外繽紛，以紅，藍，黃相間。此袖片運用了彩染的製作技巧，衣袖部分是蠟染裝飾片。彩染，顧名思義彩色蠟染，製作時使用了除靛藍外的其他植物染料多次密封蠟染色而成。苗族的蠟染技巧高超，變化多樣，用色大膽鮮明。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州省毕节市黔西县 Guizhou Huajie Qianxi County</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geomatry pattern，双勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）坎肩主要采用了红色和黄色的丝线，鲜明夺目，再用较深色的丝线衬托，如深绿色和酒红色，增加了坎肩的层次感。此坎肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案为几何纹样，10个十字形紧密排列在坎肩的中心部分，再用线条和矩形区分不同的刺绣图案，整体构图对称，做工精细，色彩丰富。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao waistcoat: uses red and yellow silk threads to give a bright and eye-catching look. Darker silk threads, including dark green and burgundy, are used to set off the bright colours and increase the layering of the waistcoat. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. The embroidery pattern is a geometric pattern, with 10 crosses closely arranged in the centre of the waistcoat. Lines and rectangles separate the different embroidery patterns. The overall composition is symmetrical, with fine workmanship and rich colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）坎肩主要採用了紅色和黃色的絲線，鮮明奪目，再用較深色的絲線襯托，如深綠色和酒紅色，增加了坎肩的層次感。此坎肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案為幾何紋樣，10個十字形緊密排列在坎肩的中心部分，再用線條和矩形區分不同的刺繡圖案，整體構圖對稱，做工精細，色彩豐富。</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/58"&gt;苗族坎肩 The Miao Waistcoat (498#)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>贵州省威宁彝族回族苗族自治县 Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao Autonomous County</text>
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                <text>（简）坎肩的主线条红黄相间，佐以较深色的幼线条，如深绿色和黑色，衬托酒红色的刺绣图案。此坎肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案主要为几何纹样，有正方形、矩形和十字形。坎肩的用色和构图十分巧妙，虽然红色和黄色较为鲜明抢眼，制作者的设计却没有让这两种鲜色喧宾夺主，把空间留给设计繁复的刺绣图案。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao waistcoat: alternating stripes of red and yellow, accompanied by darkly-coloured thin lines such as dark green and black, which sets off the burgundy embroidery pattern. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. Embroidery patterns are mainly geometric, such as squares, rectangles and crosses. Colour and composition are carefully created in this waistcoat. Although the red and yellow colours are visually stunning, the creator did not let these two colours dominate and overshadow the embroideries, with space left for the complicated embroidery patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）坎肩的主線條紅黃相間，佐以較深色的幼線條，如深綠色和黑色，襯托酒紅色的刺繡圖案。此坎肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案主要為幾何紋樣，有正方形、矩形和十字形。坎肩的用色和構圖十分巧妙，雖然紅色和黃色較為鮮明搶眼，製作者的設計卻沒有讓這兩種鮮色喧賓奪主，把空間留給設計繁複的刺繡圖案。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/57"&gt;苗族坎肩 The Miao Waistcoat (&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/57"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/57"&gt;497)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>贵州省威宁彝族回族苗族自治县 Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao Autonomous County</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）披肩主要采用了红色和黄色的丝线，鲜明夺目，再用较深色的丝线衬托，如深绿色和酒红色。苗族妇女喜欢用鲜艳的色调，如红色和黄色调，佐以白色和黑色作为点缀。此披肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案主要为几何纹样，这些古老的几何图案如今还常出现于苗族、侗族的织锦服饰中，让我们窥见其民族的悠久历史的深远。他们延续的生产生活方式，对继承和延续中国传统文化符号起着不容忽视的作用。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Xiaohua Miao shawl: striking red and yellow threads on top of darker coloured threads such as dark green and burgundy. Miao women like to use bright colours, such as red and yellow with white and black accents. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. The patterns are mainly geometrical, and these patterns often appear in Miao and Dong brocade and clothing. The unchanged production mode and lifestyle of the Miao and Dong play an important role in the inheritance and continuation of traditional Chinese cultural symbols. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）披肩主要採用了紅色和黃色的絲線，鮮明奪目，再用較深色的絲線襯托，如深綠色和酒紅色。苗族婦女喜歡用鮮豔的色調，如紅色和黃色調，佐以白色和黑色作為點綴。此披肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案主要為幾何紋樣，這些古老的幾何圖案如今還常出現於苗族、侗族的織錦服飾中，讓我們窺見其民族的悠久歷史的深遠。他們延續的生產生活方式，對繼承和延續中國傳統文化符號起著不容忽視的作用。 </text>
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                <text>清代 Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>六盘水市六枝特区 Liupen Liuzhi Special District </text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>亻革家蜡染小包被 The Gejia Batik Swaddling Blankets </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）小包被上的蝴蝶纹和脊宇鸟纹对称排列，外围是连续的回纹。包被是包婴儿的大方布，亦或是外出时包裹衣物、钱财及随身物品所用。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia Batik swaddling blanket: butterfly and divine bird patterns are symmetrically arranged, enclosed by a circular-letter pattern. Swaddling blankets were large wraps that could be used to swaddle a baby as well as to keep clothes, money and personal belongings. Batik refers to the process of beeswax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional craft that has been in existence for over a thousand years.   Creating batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. Creating  batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）小包被上的蝴蝶紋和脊宇鳥紋對稱排列，外圍是連續的迴紋。包被是包嬰兒的大方布，亦或是外出時包裹衣物、錢財及隨身物品所用。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。 </text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县重安镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County Chongan Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------metal-gimp-stitch"&gt;锡绣 Metal gimp stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣整体为黑色，领子的刺绣以采用了沉实的紫色，较简约大气。苗衣的背面有一幅白色刺绣，连接着领子，饰以长流苏，成为整件苗衣的亮点。苗衣运用了锡绣。锡绣先把锡箔片裁成细小的长条，再在底布上构成图案。刺绣图案上连续的几何纹紧密排列，没有尽头，有连绵不绝的寓意。刺绣的构图对称，绣纹均匀分布，工整细致，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Jianhe metal gimp stitch Miao costume: black with elegant purple embroidered collar.  The highlight of this piece is the white embroidery stitched on the back, which is decorated with long tassels and connects to the collar. Metal gimp stitch is used. Metal gimp is cut into small rectangular strips, which are then used to create patterns on the base cloth. Continuous geometrical patterns on the embroideries are tightly arranged and give a visual impression of eternity, with an implied meaning that good luck is everlasting. Composition of the intricately stitched embroidery is symmetrical and evenly distributed over the garment, and displays exceptional craftsmanship. &#13;
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（繁）苗衣整體為黑色，領子的刺繡以採用了沉實的紫色，較簡約大氣。苗衣的背面有一幅白色刺繡，連接著領子，飾以長流蘇，成為整件苗衣的亮點。苗衣運用了錫繡。錫繡先把錫箔片裁成細小的長條，再在底布上構成圖案。刺繡圖案上連續的幾何紋緊密排列，沒有盡頭，有連綿不絕的寓意。刺繡的構圖對稱，繡紋均勻分佈，工整細緻，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="500">
                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>#701</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="503">
                <text>凯里市剑河县南寨乡 Kaili Jianhe County Nanzhai Village</text>
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