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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>织锦背面 Brocade Jacket</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，鸟纹 Bird pattern，盆花 Flower pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背面中心织有大片红色彩锦，使用了金色和紫色的丝线制作，华丽秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛蓝色的边框，为藏品增添色彩，而又丝毫没有眼花撩乱。此背面运用了彩锦的制作技艺。中心部分的红色彩锦织有丰富的纹样，有蝴蝶纹、鸟纹和盆花，构图对称精巧，做工仔细，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade jacket: centre back woven with a large piece of red brocade using beautiful golden coloured and purple silk threads. The back section is framed by dark orange and indigo borders. The central red coloured brocade is richly decorated and includes butterfly, bird and flower patterns. The composition is symmetrical and exquisite, and displays a superb and dedicated level of craftsmanship.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背面中心織有大片紅色彩錦，使用了金色和紫色的絲線製作，華麗秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛藍色的邊框，為藏品增添色彩，而又絲毫沒有眼花撩亂。此背面運用了彩錦的製作技藝。中心部分的紅色彩錦織有豐富的紋樣，有蝴蝶紋、鳥紋和盆花，構圖對稱精巧，做工仔細，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#437</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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                <text>织锦老背面 Brocade Old Jacket Trim</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，菱形纹 Rhombic pattern，井字纹 Oxford pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）老背面整体为蓝色调，主要采用了深蓝色和靛蓝色，图纹方面则用了米色，佐以两侧的短流苏，朴素大方，低调而不失美感。此老背面运用了素锦的制作技艺。在织锦图案方面，一样大小的菱形紧密排列，每个菱形里面都织有井字纹，做工精巧细心，可见制作者的仔细和认真。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade old jacket trim: dark blue and indigo with blue tones. Beige is used for the patterns, which are accompanied by short tassels on both flanks to give a simple, low-key aesthetic. Plain brocade is used. Rhombic patterns of the same size are closely arranged on the brocade. Within each rhombus, oxford patterns are woven, showcasing the exquisite and meticulous workmanship.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）老背面整體為藍色調，主要採用了深藍色和靛藍色，圖紋方面則用了米色，佐以兩側的短流蘇，樸素大方，低調而不失美感。此老背面運用了素錦的製作技藝。在織錦圖案方面，一樣大小的菱形緊密排列，每個菱形裡面都織有井字紋，做工精巧細心，可見製作者的仔細和認真。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/114"&gt;苗族老背面 The Miao Old Jacket Trim (#394)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族坎肩 The Miao Waistcoat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geomatry pattern，双勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）坎肩主要采用了红色和黄色的丝线，鲜明夺目，再用较深色的丝线衬托，如深绿色和酒红色，增加了坎肩的层次感。此坎肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案为几何纹样，10个十字形紧密排列在坎肩的中心部分，再用线条和矩形区分不同的刺绣图案，整体构图对称，做工精细，色彩丰富。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao waistcoat: uses red and yellow silk threads to give a bright and eye-catching look. Darker silk threads, including dark green and burgundy, are used to set off the bright colours and increase the layering of the waistcoat. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. The embroidery pattern is a geometric pattern, with 10 crosses closely arranged in the centre of the waistcoat. Lines and rectangles separate the different embroidery patterns. The overall composition is symmetrical, with fine workmanship and rich colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）坎肩主要採用了紅色和黃色的絲線，鮮明奪目，再用較深色的絲線襯托，如深綠色和酒紅色，增加了坎肩的層次感。此坎肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案為幾何紋樣，10個十字形緊密排列在坎肩的中心部分，再用線條和矩形區分不同的刺繡圖案，整體構圖對稱，做工精細，色彩豐富。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/58"&gt;苗族坎肩 The Miao Waistcoat (498#)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>贵州省威宁彝族回族苗族自治县 Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao Autonomous County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）坎肩的主线条红黄相间，佐以较深色的幼线条，如深绿色和黑色，衬托酒红色的刺绣图案。此坎肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案主要为几何纹样，有正方形、矩形和十字形。坎肩的用色和构图十分巧妙，虽然红色和黄色较为鲜明抢眼，制作者的设计却没有让这两种鲜色喧宾夺主，把空间留给设计繁复的刺绣图案。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao waistcoat: alternating stripes of red and yellow, accompanied by darkly-coloured thin lines such as dark green and black, which sets off the burgundy embroidery pattern. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. Embroidery patterns are mainly geometric, such as squares, rectangles and crosses. Colour and composition are carefully created in this waistcoat. Although the red and yellow colours are visually stunning, the creator did not let these two colours dominate and overshadow the embroideries, with space left for the complicated embroidery patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）坎肩的主線條紅黃相間，佐以較深色的幼線條，如深綠色和黑色，襯托酒紅色的刺繡圖案。此坎肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案主要為幾何紋樣，有正方形、矩形和十字形。坎肩的用色和構圖十分巧妙，雖然紅色和黃色較為鮮明搶眼，製作者的設計卻沒有讓這兩種鮮色喧賓奪主，把空間留給設計繁複的刺繡圖案。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/57"&gt;苗族坎肩 The Miao Waistcoat (&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/57"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/57"&gt;497)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>贵州省威宁彝族回族苗族自治县 Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao Autonomous County</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）披肩主要采用了红色和黄色的丝线，鲜明夺目，再用较深色的丝线衬托，如深绿色和酒红色。苗族妇女喜欢用鲜艳的色调，如红色和黄色调，佐以白色和黑色作为点缀。此披肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案主要为几何纹样，这些古老的几何图案如今还常出现于苗族、侗族的织锦服饰中，让我们窥见其民族的悠久历史的深远。他们延续的生产生活方式，对继承和延续中国传统文化符号起着不容忽视的作用。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Xiaohua Miao shawl: striking red and yellow threads on top of darker coloured threads such as dark green and burgundy. Miao women like to use bright colours, such as red and yellow with white and black accents. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. The patterns are mainly geometrical, and these patterns often appear in Miao and Dong brocade and clothing. The unchanged production mode and lifestyle of the Miao and Dong play an important role in the inheritance and continuation of traditional Chinese cultural symbols. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）披肩主要採用了紅色和黃色的絲線，鮮明奪目，再用較深色的絲線襯托，如深綠色和酒紅色。苗族婦女喜歡用鮮豔的色調，如紅色和黃色調，佐以白色和黑色作為點綴。此披肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案主要為幾何紋樣，這些古老的幾何圖案如今還常出現於苗族、侗族的織錦服飾中，讓我們窺見其民族的悠久歷史的深遠。他們延續的生產生活方式，對繼承和延續中國傳統文化符號起著不容忽視的作用。 </text>
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                <text>清代 Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>六盘水市六枝特区 Liupen Liuzhi Special District </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，各种形态的回纹 Various circular-letter pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦花片色彩较为深沉，用草绿色、紫红色、淡橘色点缀，古朴典雅，低调而不失美感。此织锦花片运用了彩锦。中心的织锦图案为大幅的曲折纹，用颜色和线条疏密制造出层次感，纹样丰富，颇具创造力。花片的边框则用了各种形态的回纹，较为规矩、简约，衬托了曲折纹的繁复细节。侗族彩锦是侗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，广泛用于制作围腰，背扇，被单等生活用品，图案对称规则，用色大胆丰富。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong tapestry: coloured brocade with darker coloured brocade flower pieces embellished with grass green, purple red and light orange to give an elegant, low-key aesthetic. The central brocade pattern is a large zigzag pattern, with different colours and line spacing to create a sense of layering. Patterns are diverse and reflect the artist’s creativity. The frame of the flower brocade uses various circular-letter patterns. The simplicity and neatness of the flower brocade frame complements the more detailed zigzag pattern. The Dong coloured brocade is an indispensable item in the lives of the Dong people. It is a material widely used to make clothes. In addition to the symmetrical and exquisite composition, the patterns are rich and varied.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦花片色彩較為深沉，用草綠色、紫紅色、淡橘色點綴，古樸典雅，低調而不失美感。此織錦花片運用了彩錦。中心的織錦圖案為大幅的曲折紋，用顏色和線條疏密製造出層次感，紋樣豐富，頗具創造力。花片的邊框則用了各種形態的迴紋，較為規矩、簡約，襯託了曲折紋的繁複細節。侗族彩錦是侗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，廣泛用於製作圍腰，背扇，被單等生活用品，圖案對稱規則，用色大膽豐富。</text>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#570</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）小包被上的蝴蝶纹和脊宇鸟纹对称排列，外围是连续的回纹。包被是包婴儿的大方布，亦或是外出时包裹衣物、钱财及随身物品所用。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia Batik swaddling blanket: butterfly and divine bird patterns are symmetrically arranged, enclosed by a circular-letter pattern. Swaddling blankets were large wraps that could be used to swaddle a baby as well as to keep clothes, money and personal belongings. Batik refers to the process of beeswax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional craft that has been in existence for over a thousand years.   Creating batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. Creating  batik is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）小包被上的蝴蝶紋和脊宇鳥紋對稱排列，外圍是連續的迴紋。包被是包嬰兒的大方布，亦或是外出時包裹衣物、錢財及隨身物品所用。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。 </text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县重安镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County Chongan Town</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------metal-gimp-stitch"&gt;锡绣 Metal gimp stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣整体为黑色，领子的刺绣以采用了沉实的紫色，较简约大气。苗衣的背面有一幅白色刺绣，连接着领子，饰以长流苏，成为整件苗衣的亮点。苗衣运用了锡绣。锡绣先把锡箔片裁成细小的长条，再在底布上构成图案。刺绣图案上连续的几何纹紧密排列，没有尽头，有连绵不绝的寓意。刺绣的构图对称，绣纹均匀分布，工整细致，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Jianhe metal gimp stitch Miao costume: black with elegant purple embroidered collar.  The highlight of this piece is the white embroidery stitched on the back, which is decorated with long tassels and connects to the collar. Metal gimp stitch is used. Metal gimp is cut into small rectangular strips, which are then used to create patterns on the base cloth. Continuous geometrical patterns on the embroideries are tightly arranged and give a visual impression of eternity, with an implied meaning that good luck is everlasting. Composition of the intricately stitched embroidery is symmetrical and evenly distributed over the garment, and displays exceptional craftsmanship. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）苗衣整體為黑色，領子的刺繡以採用了沉實的紫色，較簡約大氣。苗衣的背面有一幅白色刺繡，連接著領子，飾以長流蘇，成為整件苗衣的亮點。苗衣運用了錫繡。錫繡先把錫箔片裁成細小的長條，再在底布上構成圖案。刺繡圖案上連續的幾何紋緊密排列，沒有盡頭，有連綿不絕的寓意。刺繡的構圖對稱，繡紋均勻分佈，工整細緻，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>凯里市剑河县南寨乡 Kaili Jianhe County Nanzhai Village</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------knot-stitch"&gt;打籽绣 Knot stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣的整体为深棕色，色调暗沉，刺绣则采用了米色、橙色、粉绿色和紫红色的丝线制作，集中在领子、肩部和袖子，古朴典雅，低调而不失美感。此苗衣运用了打籽绣。打籽绣是一种将绳打结以呈现图案立体感的手法，先用丝线先将图案勾绣出轮廓，再用打籽绣技法填充轮廓内部。绣针从背面向正面刺上来后，将针尖在丝线底脚卷上两转，绕成颗粒状小圈，形成一粒籽，周而复始，直到这样的小籽密密麻麻布满整个图案内部，故而得名打籽绣。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Geyi Miao coat: dark brown with embroideries concentrated at the collar, shoulder and sleeves. The embroideries use beige, orange, pink, green and fuchsia silk threads. The overall design is graceful, humble and aesthetically pleasing. Knot stitch is used. Knot stitch is a technique of knotting threads to present patterns in a three-dimensional manner. Firstly, silk threads are used to outline the pattern. Then, knot stitch techniques are used to fill in the pattern. When stitching, the needle should be pierced from the back of the fabric to the front.  The tip of the needle should be looped twice at the end of the silk thread to make small granular circles, which are then used to form knots. This process is repeated until the many small knots densely fill the entire pattern.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）苗衣的整體為深棕色，色調暗沉，刺繡則採用了米色、橙色、粉綠色和紫紅色的絲線製作，集中在領子、肩部和袖子，古樸典雅，低調而不失美感。此苗衣運用了打籽繡。打籽繡是一種將繩打結以呈現圖案立體感的手法，先用絲線先將圖案勾繡出輪廓，再用打籽繡技法填充輪廓內部。繡針從背面向正面刺上來後，將針尖在絲線底腳卷上兩轉，繞成顆粒狀小圈，形成一粒籽，周而復始，直到這樣的小籽密密麻麻佈滿整個圖案內部，故而得名打籽繡。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>台江县革一镇 Taijiang County Geyi Town</text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>亻革家老蜡染袖片 The Gejia Old Batik Fabric</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，旋涡纹 Spiral pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）老蜡染袖片构图对称，中心有一个大圆形，相连着两个半圆形，上下则有一条直线包覆着。图形都被漩涡纹填满，纹样紧密排列，做工精细。此老蜡染袖片运用了蜡染的制作技艺。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。漩涡纹是出现较早的中国传统纹样之一，被认为是中国传统纹样审美思想和造型意识的起源。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案，非常具有想象力和创造力。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia old batik fabric: Batik, a technique of beeswax dyeing and drawing, is a traditional folk craft thousands of years old. This piece shows symmetrical composition with a large circle in the centre of the fabric, adjoined by two semi circles at both ends and straight lines on the top and bottom. Space inbetween the lines is filled with a meticulously stitched dense spiral pattern. Spiral patterns are one of the earliest traditional and ancient Chinese patterns. Gejia is a branch of the Miao, and they are renowned for their neat and intricate batik and embroidery. Gejia like to use geometrical patterns in imaginative and creative ways to lay out designs for their embroidery and batik.  &#13;
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（繁）老蠟染袖片構圖對稱，中心有一個大圓形，相連著兩個半圓形，上下則有一條直線包覆著。圖形都被漩渦紋填滿，紋樣緊密排列，做工精細。此老蠟染袖片運用了蠟染的製作技藝。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。漩渦紋是出現較早的中國傳統紋樣之一，被認為是中國傳統紋樣審美思想和造型意識的起源。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案，非常具有想像力和創造力。 </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="517">
                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="518">
                <text>#731</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="519">
                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县重安镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County Chongan Town</text>
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