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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>织锦老背面 Brocade Old Jacket Trim</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，菱形纹 Rhombic pattern，井字纹 Oxford pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）老背面整体为蓝色调，主要采用了深蓝色和靛蓝色，图纹方面则用了米色，佐以两侧的短流苏，朴素大方，低调而不失美感。此老背面运用了素锦的制作技艺。在织锦图案方面，一样大小的菱形紧密排列，每个菱形里面都织有井字纹，做工精巧细心，可见制作者的仔细和认真。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade old jacket trim: dark blue and indigo with blue tones. Beige is used for the patterns, which are accompanied by short tassels on both flanks to give a simple, low-key aesthetic. Plain brocade is used. Rhombic patterns of the same size are closely arranged on the brocade. Within each rhombus, oxford patterns are woven, showcasing the exquisite and meticulous workmanship.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）老背面整體為藍色調，主要採用了深藍色和靛藍色，圖紋方面則用了米色，佐以兩側的短流蘇，樸素大方，低調而不失美感。此老背面運用了素錦的製作技藝。在織錦圖案方面，一樣大小的菱形緊密排列，每個菱形裡面都織有井字紋，做工精巧細心，可見製作者的仔細和認真。 </text>
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                <text>布依族 The Bouyei</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#461</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/114"&gt;苗族老背面 The Miao Old Jacket Trim (#394)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;彩锦 Coloured brocade&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，鸟纹 Bird pattern，盆花 Flower pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背面中心织有大片红色彩锦，使用了金色和紫色的丝线制作，华丽秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛蓝色的边框，为藏品增添色彩，而又丝毫没有眼花撩乱。此背面运用了彩锦的制作技艺。中心部分的红色彩锦织有丰富的纹样，有蝴蝶纹、鸟纹和盆花，构图对称精巧，做工仔细，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade jacket: centre back woven with a large piece of red brocade using beautiful golden coloured and purple silk threads. The back section is framed by dark orange and indigo borders. The central red coloured brocade is richly decorated and includes butterfly, bird and flower patterns. The composition is symmetrical and exquisite, and displays a superb and dedicated level of craftsmanship.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背面中心織有大片紅色彩錦，使用了金色和紫色的絲線製作，華麗秀美。背面佐以深橙色和靛藍色的邊框，為藏品增添色彩，而又絲毫沒有眼花撩亂。此背面運用了彩錦的製作技藝。中心部分的紅色彩錦織有豐富的紋樣，有蝴蝶紋、鳥紋和盆花，構圖對稱精巧，做工仔細，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>（简）老苗衣老苗衣整体为黑色，刺绣集中在领子、肩部和袖子，在红色底布上采用了较沉实的丝线，例如深紫色和蓝绿色，典雅大气，低调而不失美感。此老苗衣运用了辫绣。刺绣图案主要为花草植物，取材自大自然，反映了苗族人民对大自然的热爱，以及对生命的崇敬。刺绣构图饱满，对称工整，做工仔细，可见制作者之高超技艺。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao coat: mainly black with embroidery concentrated at the collar, shoulders and sleeves. Relatively dark-coloured threads including dark purple and blue-green on the red base fabric give an elegant and subdued feel to the coat. Couched braid stitch is used. The embroidery patterns are mainly flowers and grass, reflecting the Miao people’s love for the natural world and their respect for life. The embroidery is rich in composition, symmetrical and neat with a superb level of craftsmanship. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）老苗衣老苗衣整體為黑色，刺繡集中在領子、肩部和袖子，在紅色底布上採用了較沉實的絲線，例如深紫色和藍綠色，典雅大氣，低調而不失美感。此老苗衣運用了辮繡。刺繡圖案主要為花草植物，取材自大自然，反映了苗族人民對大自然的熱愛，以及對生命的崇敬。刺繡構圖飽滿，對稱工整，做工仔細，可見製作者之高超技藝。</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣主要为黑色，在袖子、肩部和领子的刺绣则用了紫红色，在深色的衬托下更加突出。此刺绣上衣运用了数纱绣。刺绣上衣通体布满刺绣，连黑色双襟也绣满了花草纹，可见制作者做工认真，顾及细节。取材自大自然的刺绣图纹也表达了苗族人民对大自然的热爱，以及对生命的崇敬。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: double breasted top, predominantly black with fuchsia coloured embroideries on the sleeves, shoulder area and collar. Counted thread stitch is used. The top is covered with embroideries, including the black button area, which is fully stitched with flower and grass patterns. The creator of this piece was meticulous and conscientious, and the nature inspired embroideries signify the Miao’s love of their natural environment.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣主要為黑色，在袖子、肩部和領子的刺繡則用了紫紅色，在深色的襯托下更加突出。此刺繡上衣運用了數紗繡。刺繡上衣通體佈滿刺繡，連黑色雙襟也繡滿了花草紋，可見製作者做工認真，顧及細節。取材自大自然的刺繡圖紋也表達了苗族人民對大自然的熱愛，以及對生命的崇敬。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------coloured-batik"&gt;彩染 Coloured batik&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣色彩丰富，领子，肩部和袖子的刺绣采用了红、黄、蓝、绿等色，而袖口部分亦饰有淡红色和青蓝色的蜡染图案。此刺绣上衣运用了彩染和剪贴绣。彩染，顾名思义彩色蜡染，制作时使用了除蓝外的其他植物染料多次封蜡染色。剪贴绣是将布料裁剪出所需的图案花纹，或剪好的布料，拼绣出各种大小均匀的花纹和几何纹，再将其锁边固定或绣订到底布上。藏品是刺绣与蜡染的完美结合，图纹紧密细致，制作耗时，手工精细。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: richly coloured embroideries on the collar, shoulder area and sleeves using red, yellow, blue and green. The cuffs are decorated with pale red and cyan batik patterns. Coloured batik and applique are also used. Coloured batik, as its name suggests, is the production of batik in colours. During its production, plant-based dyes other than indigo blue are repeatedly used to seal the wax and dye the cloth. Applique is a technique that uses patterns cut from fabric, or fabric that is already cut, to piece together various patterns and geometrical patterns of equal proportion. These pieces are sealed at the borders and stitched to the base cloth. This embroidered top is an example of a perfect combination of batik and embroidery with exquisite and dense patterns. Creating batik embroidery is time consuming and requires masterful craftsmanship. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣色彩豐富，領子，肩部和袖子的刺繡採用了紅、黃、藍、綠等色，而袖口部分亦飾有淡紅色和青藍色的蠟染圖案。此刺繡上衣運用了彩染和剪貼繡。彩染，顧名思義彩色蠟染，製作時使用了除藍外的其他植物染料多次封蠟染色。剪貼繡是將布料裁剪出所需的圖案花紋，或剪好的布料，拼繡出各種大小均勻的花紋和幾何紋，再將其鎖邊固定或繡訂到底布上。藏品是刺繡與蠟染的完美結合，圖紋緊密細緻，製作耗時，手工精細。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州省毕节市黔西县 Guizhou Huajie Qianxi County</text>
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                <text>（简）口水兜除蓝色底部外，还使用了3种颜色的贴布制作，第一层为白色，第二层为黑色，第三层为红色，色彩搭配鲜明又不失典雅。此口水兜运用了剪贴绣。此件藏品的图案看似简单，实则非常用心。图案上虽只有蝙蝠和如意这两种图案，但图案的套用让该口水兜十分生动有趣。大如意里套着小如意，蝙蝠里套着小如意，还有各种如意的围绕与交错。甚富巧思的图案设计和精细的造工也表达了苗族妈妈对孩子的深厚母爱和美好祝福。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao bib: blue base fabric with a first layer of white fabric, a second layer of black fabric and a third layer of red fabric. The colour combination is sharp and elegant. Appliqué is used. The patterns on the bib may seem simple, but it is thoughtfully made. Although there are only bats and Ruyi patterns, the application of the pattern makes the bib look lively and interesting, with the small Ruyi placed within the large Ruyi as well as within the bat. All kinds of Ruyi interweave and surround one another. These exquisitely crafted and intricate pattern designs are a manifestation of the deep maternal love Miao mothers have for their children. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）口水兜除藍色底部外，還使用了3種顏色的貼佈製作，第一層為白色，第二層為黑色，第三層為紅色，色彩搭配鮮明又不失典雅。此口水兜運用了剪貼繡。此件藏品的圖案看似簡單，實則非常用心。圖案上雖只有蝙蝠和如意這兩種圖案，但圖案的套用讓該口水兜十分生動有趣。大如意裡套著小如意，蝙蝠裡套著小如意，還有各種如意的圍繞與交錯。甚富巧思的圖案設計和精細的造工也表達了苗族媽媽對孩子的深厚母愛和美好祝福。</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰两侧的深蓝色，衬托了中间鲜艳的红色刺绣部分。此围腰运用了平绣。苗族刺绣喜绣大自然的万物，喜将动植物进行组合，所以可以看到这副刺绣中蝴蝶的翅膀是兩片展开的树叶，或是将小动物的身体绣成一朵花，或是蝴蝶的身体绣出了一张人脸，甚至有的还绣出了小动物的内脏。围腰上绣的动物千姿百态，灵动，可爱，丝线色彩大胆而热烈。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Belly band: flat stitch with a central bright red embroidery, rounded off with deep blue flanks. The Miao combined intricate stitching patterns to represent animals and plants from their natural environment. In this belly band, unfolded leaves are stitched as embroidered butterfly wings, and a human face is stitched on its body. Animal bodies are woven as flowers, and even the organs of the animals are stitched. A diversity of spirited and cute animals are stitched in vibrant and bold colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰兩側的深藍色，襯託了中間鮮豔的紅色刺繡部分。此圍腰運用了平繡。苗族刺繡喜繡大自然的萬物，喜將動植物進行組合，所以可以看到這副刺繡中蝴蝶的翅膀是兩片展開的樹葉，或是將小動物的身體繡成一朵花，或是蝴蝶的身體繡出了一張人臉，甚至有的還繡出了小動物的內臟。圍腰上繡的動物千姿百態，靈動，可愛，絲線色彩大膽而熱烈。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Taijiang County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geomatry pattern，双勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）坎肩主要采用了红色和黄色的丝线，鲜明夺目，再用较深色的丝线衬托，如深绿色和酒红色，增加了坎肩的层次感。此坎肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案为几何纹样，10个十字形紧密排列在坎肩的中心部分，再用线条和矩形区分不同的刺绣图案，整体构图对称，做工精细，色彩丰富。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao waistcoat: uses red and yellow silk threads to give a bright and eye-catching look. Darker silk threads, including dark green and burgundy, are used to set off the bright colours and increase the layering of the waistcoat. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. The embroidery pattern is a geometric pattern, with 10 crosses closely arranged in the centre of the waistcoat. Lines and rectangles separate the different embroidery patterns. The overall composition is symmetrical, with fine workmanship and rich colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）坎肩主要採用了紅色和黃色的絲線，鮮明奪目，再用較深色的絲線襯托，如深綠色和酒紅色，增加了坎肩的層次感。此坎肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案為幾何紋樣，10個十字形緊密排列在坎肩的中心部分，再用線條和矩形區分不同的刺繡圖案，整體構圖對稱，做工精細，色彩豐富。</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------splicing-stitch"&gt;镶拼 Splicing stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）坎肩的主线条红黄相间，佐以较深色的幼线条，如深绿色和黑色，衬托酒红色的刺绣图案。此坎肩运用了挑花和镶拼。刺绣图案主要为几何纹样，有正方形、矩形和十字形。坎肩的用色和构图十分巧妙，虽然红色和黄色较为鲜明抢眼，制作者的设计却没有让这两种鲜色喧宾夺主，把空间留给设计繁复的刺绣图案。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao waistcoat: alternating stripes of red and yellow, accompanied by darkly-coloured thin lines such as dark green and black, which sets off the burgundy embroidery pattern. Crossing stitch and splicing stitch are used. Embroidery patterns are mainly geometric, such as squares, rectangles and crosses. Colour and composition are carefully created in this waistcoat. Although the red and yellow colours are visually stunning, the creator did not let these two colours dominate and overshadow the embroideries, with space left for the complicated embroidery patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）坎肩的主線條紅黃相間，佐以較深色的幼線條，如深綠色和黑色，襯托酒紅色的刺繡圖案。此坎肩運用了挑花和鑲拼。刺繡圖案主要為幾何紋樣，有正方形、矩形和十字形。坎肩的用色和構圖十分巧妙，雖然紅色和黃色較為鮮明搶眼，製作者的設計卻沒有讓這兩種鮮色喧賓奪主，把空間留給設計繁複的刺繡圖案。 </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族盛装衣 The Miao Festive Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）盛装衣袖子、肩部和領口的刺繡以红色调为主，如大红，桃红，艳红，在黑色底布的襯托下更為鲜明夺目。此盛装衣運用了数纱绣 ，黄平数纱绣图案多以几何纹為主，构图精细，對稱工整。該藏品除了使用紅色繡線，还使用了白色和黄色，使整件服饰图案更為清晰，色彩更明亮。此外，部分年长的苗族婦女也会使用蓝色或紫色丝线制作盛装衣。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao festive coat: black base fabric with vivid and eye catching embroideries on the sleeves, shoulders and neckline in red tones such as scarlet, peach and ruby red. Counted thread stitch is used. Most of the Huangping counted thread stitch patterns are geometric patterns, with intricate and symmetrical composition. In addition to the use of red embroidery thread, white and yellow threads are also used to make the whole coat pattern clearer and to add colour and brightness. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）盛裝衣袖子、肩部和領口的刺繡以紅色調為主，如大紅，桃紅，艷紅，在黑色底布的襯托下更為鮮明奪目。此盛裝衣運用了數紗繡 ，黃平數紗繡圖案多以幾何紋為主，構圖精細，對稱工整。該藏品除了使用紅色繡線，還使用了白色和黃色，使整件服飾圖案更為清晰，色彩更明亮。此外，部分年長的苗族婦女也會使用藍色或紫色絲線製作盛裝衣。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#709</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County </text>
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