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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>侗族围腰片 The Dong Bellyband</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------satin-stitch"&gt;刺花 Satin stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰片中心有一个被波浪线条包覆的圆形，一圈一圈的被绣纹填满，构图对称紧密。其余空间则绣满了一样大小的放射状圆形，恍如一大片蒲公英。此围腰片运用了刺花。制作者采用了紫色、橘色、绿色、亮粉色、蓝色等丝线，色彩丰富艳丽，在黑色底布的衬托下更为突出亮眼。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Dong bellyband: black fabric with a centre concentric circle surrounded by wavy lines. Each layer is filled with dense and symmetrical embroidery patterns. The rest of the space is embroidered with radial circles of the same size, similar to a large field of dandelions. Satin stitch is used. Silk threads of purple, orange, green, bright pink, blue and other colours are used. These gorgeously colourful patterns are beautifully and prominently contrasted against the black background. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰片中心有一個被波浪線條包覆的圓形，一圈一圈的被繡紋填滿，構圖對稱緊密。其餘空間則繡滿了一樣大小的放射狀圓形，恍如一大片蒲公英。此圍腰片運用了刺花。製作者採用了紫色、橘色、綠色、亮粉色、藍色等絲線，色彩豐富艷麗，在黑色底布的襯托下更為突出亮眼。 </text>
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                <text>侗族 The Dong</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族背带 The Miao Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------applique"&gt;剪贴绣 Applique&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的背面绣有大片刺绣，在领子、袖口和下摆也饰有刺绣，颜色颇为丰富。此苗衣运用了剪贴绣 。苗衣背后的刺绣用色大胆，采用了宝蓝色、草绿色、浅紫色的丝线制作，更绣有反光饰片，精巧夺目。其余部分的刺绣也用了多种颜色，有黑色、酒红色、浅蓝色等，在黑色布料上添上色彩。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao baby carrying belt: black fabric with a large embroidered area on the back. The collar, cuffs and hem are decorated with embroideries in multiple colours. Applique is the main technique used to create this costume. The large embroidered area on the back uses boldly coloured embroidery thread, including royal blue, lawn green and lilac. The addition of sequins makes it exquisitely eye catching. Other embroidery on the costume uses black, burgundy red and light blue. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的背面繡有大片刺繡，在領子、袖口和下擺也飾有刺繡，顏色頗為豐富。此苗衣運用了剪貼繡 。苗衣背後的刺繡用色大膽，採用了寶藍色、草綠色、淺紫色的絲線製作，更繡有反光飾片，精巧奪目。其餘部分的刺繡也用了多種顏色，有黑色、酒紅色、淺藍色等，在黑色布料上添上色彩。 </text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/35"&gt;苗族背带 The Miao Baby Carrying Belt (#809)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Liping County </text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>蜡染袖片 Batik Sleeves</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）袖片主要为黑白色，蜡染和留白部分对比分明，蜡染图案集中在中间，上下则饰有白色的条纹，构图对称。此袖片运用了蜡染的制作技艺。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。蜡染的工艺十分费工费时，精致图案凸显制作者十分用心，把代代相传的传统工艺发扬光大。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik sleeves: black and white. Batik and the sections that are intentionally left blank contrast with each other. Batik patterns are concentrated at the central part of the sleeves, while the top and bottom parts are symmetrically decorated with white stripes.  Batik involves wax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional art that has been used by the Miao people for thousands of years. Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out. The cloth is then boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. The art of batik has been passed down through many generations.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）袖片主要為黑白色，蠟染和留白部分對比分明，蠟染圖案集中在中間，上下則飾有白色的條紋，構圖對稱。此袖片運用了蠟染的製作技藝。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。蠟染的工藝十分費工費時，精緻圖案凸顯製作者十分用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。 </text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州省毕节市织金县 Guizhou Huajie Zhijin County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couching-stitch"&gt;绞绣 Couching stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣整体为黑色，领子和袖口饰有刺绣，在红色底布上采用了金黄色的丝线，华丽秀美。在黑色衣服上刺绣时，侗族特别喜爱用金色丝线刺绣，这样会将服饰上的图案衬托得更加醒目亮丽。此刺绣上衣运用了绞绣。绣纹工整细致，可见制作者的认真态度和高超技艺。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: black with couching stitch embroidery decorations on the collar and cuffs. Golden yellow embroidery thread is used on the red base cloth to create a striking elegant effect. The Dong especially love stitching with golden coloured embroidery threads on black cloth as it complements the patterns, allowing them to be even more vibrant and beautiful. The embroidery patterns are neat and intricate, revealing the creator’s serious approach to the stitching and outstanding craftsmanship.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣整體為黑色，領子和袖口飾有刺繡，在紅色底布上採用了金黃色的絲線，華麗秀美。在黑色衣服上刺繡時，侗族特別喜愛用金色絲線刺繡，這樣會將服飾上的圖案襯托得更加醒目亮麗。此刺繡上衣運用了絞繡。繡紋工整細緻，可見製作者的認真態度和高超技藝。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州榕江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang County</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣上衣主要为黑色，在袖子、肩部和领子的刺绣则用了紫红色，在深色的衬托下更加突出。此刺绣上衣运用了数纱绣。刺绣上衣通体布满刺绣，连黑色双襟也绣满了花草纹，可见制作者做工认真，顾及细节。取材自大自然的刺绣图纹也表达了苗族人民对大自然的热爱，以及对生命的崇敬。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: double breasted top, predominantly black with fuchsia coloured embroideries on the sleeves, shoulder area and collar. Counted thread stitch is used. The top is covered with embroideries, including the black button area, which is fully stitched with flower and grass patterns. The creator of this piece was meticulous and conscientious, and the nature inspired embroideries signify the Miao’s love of their natural environment.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣主要為黑色，在袖子、肩部和領子的刺繡則用了紫紅色，在深色的襯托下更加突出。此刺繡上衣運用了數紗繡。刺繡上衣通體佈滿刺繡，連黑色雙襟也繡滿了花草紋，可見製作者做工認真，顧及細節。取材自大自然的刺繡圖紋也表達了苗族人民對大自然的熱愛，以及對生命的崇敬。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered top: richly coloured embroideries on the collar, shoulder area and sleeves using red, yellow, blue and green. The cuffs are decorated with pale red and cyan batik patterns. Coloured batik and applique are also used. Coloured batik, as its name suggests, is the production of batik in colours. During its production, plant-based dyes other than indigo blue are repeatedly used to seal the wax and dye the cloth. Applique is a technique that uses patterns cut from fabric, or fabric that is already cut, to piece together various patterns and geometrical patterns of equal proportion. These pieces are sealed at the borders and stitched to the base cloth. This embroidered top is an example of a perfect combination of batik and embroidery with exquisite and dense patterns. Creating batik embroidery is time consuming and requires masterful craftsmanship. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡上衣色彩豐富，領子，肩部和袖子的刺繡採用了紅、黃、藍、綠等色，而袖口部分亦飾有淡紅色和青藍色的蠟染圖案。此刺繡上衣運用了彩染和剪貼繡。彩染，顧名思義彩色蠟染，製作時使用了除藍外的其他植物染料多次封蠟染色。剪貼繡是將布料裁剪出所需的圖案花紋，或剪好的布料，拼繡出各種大小均勻的花紋和幾何紋，再將其鎖邊固定或繡訂到底布上。藏品是刺繡與蠟染的完美結合，圖紋緊密細緻，製作耗時，手工精細。 </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>雷山苗衣 Leishan Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------couched-braid-stitch"&gt;辫绣 Couched braid stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，花鸟纹 Flower and bird pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣整体为黑色，领子、肩部和袖口饰有刺绣，在红色底布上采用了多种颜色的丝线，如黄、绿、粉红和紫色，层次丰富。此苗衣运用了辫绣和数纱绣。雷山地区的苗族喜用红色布料制作刺绣服饰，采用各种绿色丝线进行刺绣，如深绿，浅绿，嫩绿等，俗称红底绿花。强烈的对比色更能衬托服饰色彩的艳丽，令刺绣图案更为突出。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao coat, predominantly black. The collar, shoulder areas and cuffs are decorated with embroideries. Yellow, green, pink and purple embroidery threads are used on the red base cloth, creating rich layers. Couched braid stitch and counted thread stitch are used. Miao of the Leishan area like to use red fabric to embroider their clothes while using embroidery threads of different shades of green, such as deep green, light green and soft green. This preference for a red base and green embroidery is commonly referred to as ‘red base and green flower’. The embroidery patterns are emphasised through the use of gorgeous, strong complementary colours.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）苗衣整體為黑色，領子、肩部和袖口飾有刺繡，在紅色底布上採用了多種顏色的絲線，如黃、綠、粉紅和紫色，層次豐富。此苗衣運用了辮繡和數紗繡。雷山地區的苗族喜用紅色布料製作刺繡服飾，採用各種綠色絲線進行刺繡，如深綠，淺綠，嫩綠等，俗稱紅底綠花。強烈的對比色更能襯托服飾色彩的艷麗，令刺繡圖案更為突出。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#902</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州雷山县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Leishan County </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，菱形图案 Rhombic pattern，八角星 Octagram pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背扇为米色和黑色，织纹由主要菱形和曲折纹组成，每个大菱形里面都饰有八角星和十字纹，纹样紧密排列，做工精细。此背扇运用了素锦的制作技艺。苗族织锦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是广泛用于制作衣服的物料，除了构图对称精美，图案丰富多变，也反映着苗族的历史和社会形态。  &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: beige and black with embroidered rhombic and zigzag patterns. The inside of each rhombus is decorated with tightly arranged and intricately stitched octagonal and cross patterns. This baby carrying belt also uses plain brocade techniques. Brocade is widely used by Miao for making clothes and is an indispensable part of their daily lives. Brocade has diverse patterns as well as being exquisitely symmetrical in composition. The variety and richness of the patterns reflect the long history and social structures of the Miao people. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背扇為米色和黑色，織紋由主要菱形和曲折紋組成，每個大菱形裡面都飾有八角星和十字紋，紋樣緊密排列，做工精細。此背扇運用了素錦的製作技藝。苗族織錦是苗族人民生活中不可或缺的物品，是廣泛用於製作衣服的物料，除了構圖對稱精美，圖案豐富多變，也反映著苗族的歷史和社會形態。</text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#913</text>
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                <text>凯里市剑河县南寨乡 Kaili Jianhe County Nanzhai Village</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>苗族衣袖绣片 The Miao Embroidery Work</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------wrinkling-stitch"&gt;皱绣 Wrinkling stitch&lt;/a&gt;，文字图案 Chinese characters pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）衣袖绣片飾有由彩線繡成的文字「幸福」，顏色繽紛，活潑奪目。此衣袖绣片運用了皱绣。绣片是衣袖上的装饰，為服裝畫龍點睛。製作者將四個「幸」字对称地放在中心，再把「福」字壓成三角形，裝飾兩側，甚具創意和想像力。該件藏品的收藏价值甚高，以文字作为刺绣图案非常罕见，不可多得。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Embroidered work: stitched with coloured silk threads and decorated with the Chinese characters '幸福(happiness)'. Wrinkling stitch is used. The complexity of the work is enhanced through the creator’s use of word characters as embroidery patterns. Four '幸', a Chinese character which means good fortune, are symmetrically embroidered at the center together with triangles containing the character '福', which means blessing, on the sides. This design showcases the creativity and distinctive imagination of the creator. Using word characters as embroidery patterns are rare, and this level of craftsmanship displayed is rarely seen.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）衣袖繡片飾有由彩線繡成的文字「幸福」，顏色繽紛，活潑奪目。此衣袖繡片運用了皺繡。繡片是衣袖上的裝飾，為服裝畫龍點睛。製作者將四個「幸」字對稱地放在中心，再把「福」字壓成三角形，裝飾兩側，甚具創意和想像力。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，以文字作為刺繡圖案非常罕見，不可多得。</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#92</text>
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                <text>凯里市雷山县西江镇 Kaili Leishan County Xijiang Town</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>土家族镂空云肩 The Tujia Hollow Cloud Shawl</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------split-thread-stich"&gt;破线绣 Split-thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------chain-stitch"&gt;锁绣 Chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，花卉 Flowers，缠枝 Tangled branches，鸟纹 Bird pattern，蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，花瓶 Vase</text>
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                <text>（简）镂空云肩由立体的刺绣相连而成，有花鸟、蝴蝶、枝叶，构图巧妙细腻。此镂空云肩运用了破线绣和锁绣。刺绣的图案取材自大自然，表现了苗族人民对大自然的热爱，和对生命的崇敬。该件藏品的收藏价值甚高，年代久远而保存完整、图案清晰，精湛的工艺亦具极高的美学欣赏价值。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Hollowed out cloud shawl: made with three-dimensional embroideries sewn together. Flowers, butterflies, birds, tree branches and leaves are all intricately and exquisitely portrayed. Split line stitch and chain stitch are used. The pattern takes inspiration from the natural world, and displays the Miao’s love of and admiration for all life on earth. The high collection and aesthetic value of this piece is realised through its long history and pristine state. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）鏤空雲肩由立體的刺繡相連而成，有花鳥、蝴蝶、枝葉，構圖巧妙細膩。此鏤空雲肩運用了破線繡和鎖繡。刺繡的圖案取材自大自然，表現了苗族人民對大自然的熱愛，和對生命的崇敬。該件藏品的收藏價值甚高，年代久遠而保存完整、圖案清晰，精湛的工藝亦具極高的美學欣賞價值。 </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="596">
                <text>土家族 The Tujia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="597">
                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="598">
                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="599">
                <text>#93</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="600">
                <text>铜仁市松桃县 Tongren Songtao County</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
