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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>イ革家刺绣马甲 The Gejia Embroidered Vest</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，由雷纹勾勒出的各式几何蝴蝶图案 Geometric butterfly pattern outlined by fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）马甲上绣有放射状的矩形，方格内布满延绵不断的绣纹，威风飒爽，红黑相间的鲜明对比更添气势。此马甲运用了双针锁绣，数纱绣和叠绣。传说亻革家苗族是后羿的后人，族人皆有豪气干云之气概。马甲是盛装服饰极其重要的组成部分，款式类似古代战士的护身铠甲，少女穿于身上增添了不少英武之气。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia embroidered vest: composed of concentric rectangles with continuous embroidery patterns within each rectangle. Complementary colours of red and black add to the imposing stance of this truly awe-inspiring piece. Double thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and stack stitch are used. Legend maintains that the Gejia Miao people are descendants of the Houyi. Therefore, people of this tribe are all said to have a heroic spirit. Akin to the body armour worn by ancient warriors, this vest is an essential piece of the Gejia costume and whoever wears it, even young girls, are thought to exude valour and bravery.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）馬甲上繡有放射狀的矩形，方格內佈滿延綿不斷的繡紋，威風颯爽，紅黑相間的鮮明對比更添氣勢。此馬甲運用了雙針鎖繡，數紗繡和疊繡。傳說亻革家苗族是后羿的後人，族人皆有豪氣乾雲之氣概。馬甲是盛裝服飾極其重要的組成部分，款式類似古代戰士的護身鎧甲，少女穿於身上增添了不少英武之氣。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>亻革家老蜡染片 The Gejia Old Batik Fabric</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，连珠纹 Beads pattern，斜角雷纹 Bevel fret pattern，大面积的漩涡纹 Large spiral pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）蜡染片以大圆形和边缘的直线作构图框架，再在空白位置绘以精致整齐的图纹。此蜡染片运用了蜡染的制作方法。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。漩涡纹是出现较早的中国传统纹样之一，被认为是中国传统纹样审美思想和造型意识的起源。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik fabric: composition is framed with large circles and straight lines at the edges. Blank space is decorated with neat and intricate patterns. The fabric is made using the batik technique,   a  process that uses melted  beeswax.  Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. The spiral pattern is one of the earliest traditional Chinese patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟染片以大圓形和邊緣的直線作構圖框架，再在空白位置繪以精緻整齊的圖紋。此蠟染片運用了蠟染的製作方法。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。漩渦紋是出現較早的中國傳統紋樣之一，被認為是中國傳統紋樣審美思想和造型意識的起源。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>革一苗衣 Geyi Miao Coat</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------knot-stitch"&gt;打籽绣 Knot stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，抽象的蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern，漩涡纹 Spiral pattern，卷草纹 Curling grass pattern，牡丹花 Peony</text>
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                <text>（简）苗衣主要呈暗紅色，領口和袖口位置以刺绣裝飾。刺绣颜色通体采用暗绿色制作，穩重沉實，为较为年长妇女所穿戴。此苗衣運用了打籽绣和叠绣。打籽绣是一種將繩打結以呈現圖案立體感的手法。叠绣，又稱堆绣，是将上过浆的轻薄丝绫面料裁剪折叠成细三角形，堆叠于底布之上，边堆边用针线固定，组合成矩形的饰片。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao coat: predominantly dark red with collars and cuffs decorated in dark green embroideries. Due to its modest and mature styling, it is worn by older women. Knot stitch and stack stitch are used.  Knot stitch is a technique of knotting threads to present patterns in a three-dimensional manner. Firstly, silk threads are used to outline the pattern. Then, knot stitch techniques are used to fill in the pattern. When stitching, the needle should be pierced from the back of the fabric to the front.  The tip of the needle should be looped twice at the end of the silk thread to make small granular circles, which are then used to form knots. This process is repeated until the many small knots densely fill the entire pattern. Stack stitch, also referred to as piling stitch, uses light silk fabric that has been soaked in honey locust liquid and then cut and folded   into small triangular shapes. These small pieces are then stacked on top of the base cloth, the sides sewn with needle and thread to form embroidery lines and rectangular decorations.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）苗衣主要呈暗紅色，領口和袖口位置以刺繡裝飾。刺繡顏色通體採用暗綠色製作，穩重沉實，為較為年長婦女所穿戴。此苗衣運用了打籽繡和疊繡。打籽繡是一種將繩打結以呈現圖案立體感的手法。疊繡，又稱堆繡，是將上過漿的輕薄絲綾面料裁剪折疊成細三角形，堆疊於底布之上，邊堆邊用針線固定，組合成矩形的飾片。 </text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>台江县革一镇 Taijiang County Geyi Town</text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/-------coloured-brocade"&gt;织锦（彩锦）Brocade (coloured brocade)&lt;/a&gt;，雷纹 Fret pattern，井字纹 Oxford pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦上布满连绵不断的雷纹和井字纹，以紫色和深蓝色相间。此织锦运用了彩锦的制作方式。雷纹是古代陶瓷及青铜器上常见纹饰，连续的几何图案由方折回旋形线条形成，寓意吉利永长。雷纹常用于织锦，除了常见于布依族织锦，苗族和侗族的织锦、蜡染、刺绣中都常发现雷纹。由此是否可推测，图案的传播与传承并无民族之分，而少数民族所秉持的传统生活方式，对中国的古代符号起到了重要的保护作用。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Brocade: fret and oxford patterns alternating in purple and deep blue colours. Techniques of coloured brocade are used. Fret patterns are common decorations on ancient ceramics and bronzeware. The ideal of everlasting luck is portrayed in the geometric patterns. Fret patterns are usually used on brocade and can be found on the brocade of the Bouyei, Miao and the Dong as well as on embroidery and batik. From this it can be inferred that the spreading and passing down of specific patterns are not bounded by ethnic divisions. The unchanging lifestyle of ethnic minorities has an indispensable protective function for ancient Chinese patterns and symbols.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦上佈滿連綿不斷的雷紋和井字紋，以紫色和深藍色相間。此織錦運用了彩錦的製作方式。雷紋是古代陶瓷及青銅器上常見紋飾，連續的幾何圖案由方折迴旋形線條形成，寓意吉利永長。雷紋常用於織錦，除了常見於布依族織錦，苗族和侗族的織錦、蠟染、刺繡中都常發現雷紋。由此是否可推測，圖案的傳播與傳承並無民族之分，而少數民族所秉持的傳統生活方式，對中國的古代符號起到了重要的保護作用。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Libo County </text>
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                <text>（简）儿童裤的深蓝底色和白色图纹分布平均，一丝不苟，简约低调。连绵不断的蜡染纹样随性简朴，细看则察其做工精巧。此儿童裤运用了蜡染的制作方法。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。蜡染的工艺十分费工费时，精致的图案突显制制作者之用心，把代代相传的传统工艺发扬光大。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia children’s pants: dark blue base colour with evenly distributed white patterns. The design is meticulous, simple and low-key. Although the continuous batik patterns are simple, a closer look reveals the high level of craftsmanship that has gone into making them. Batik is the main technique used to produce these pants. Batik involves wax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional art that has been used by the Miao people for thousands of years. Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. The art of batik has been passed down through many generations. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）兒童褲的深藍底色和白色圖紋分佈平均，一絲不苟，簡約低調。連綿不斷的蠟染紋樣隨性簡樸，細看則察其做工精巧。此兒童褲運用了蠟染的製作方法。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。蠟染的工藝十分費工費時，精緻的圖案突顯制製作者之用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-edge-chain-st"&gt;双边锁绣 Double-edge chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，菊花 Chrysanthemum pattern，连珠纹 Beads pattern，水波纹 Water wave pattern，漩涡纹 Spiral pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）蜡染衣风格古朴，手袖以红色方格纹点缀，令整体颜色更具亮点和有活力。蜡染衣的底色呈现蜡染独具的纹理，与白色纹样形成对比。此蜡染衣运用了双边锁绣、蜡染和数纱绣。蜡染花纹细致精巧，菊花图案连续对称，工整细腻，色彩浓郁。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia batik clothes: quaint and simple, using double-edge chain stitch, batik and counted thread stitch. Sleeves are adorned with red checkered patterns, making the overall colour more vibrant and eye-catching. The base colour of the batik clothes reveals the unique texture of batik and contrasts beautifully with the white pattern. The batik patterns are exquisite, with neat symmetrical chrysanthemum patterns in rich colours. Gejia is a subgroup of the Miao and the batik and embroideries made by the Gejia are especially neat and intricate. Gejia love to use regularly arranged geometric patterns for their embroidery and batik. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟染衣風格古樸，手袖以紅色方格紋點綴，令整體顏色更具亮點和有活力。蠟染衣的底色呈現蠟染獨具的紋理，與白色紋樣形成對比。此蠟染衣運用了雙邊鎖繡、蠟染和數紗繡。蠟染花紋細緻精巧，菊花圖案連續對稱，工整細膩，色彩濃郁。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案。 </text>
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                <text>亻革家围腰 The Gejia Bellyband </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern，连珠纹 Beads pattern，水波纹 Water wave pattern，钩藤纹 Hook rattan pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰以红和蓝为主要配色，是亻革家刺绣和蜡染完美结合的作品，几何纹饰丰富，蝴蝶纹样线条简洁流畅，千姿百态，灵动可爱。此围腰运用了挑花、数纱绣和蜡染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛装服饰由帽子，上衣，马甲，围腰，腰带，百褶裙和绑腿构成。围腰是亻革家服饰的重要组成部分，因此围腰的刺绣最为集中，精美华丽。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) The Gejia bellyband: mostly in red and blue, this bellyband is a perfect combination of Gejia embroidery and batik. It is rich in geometric patterns. Butterfly patterns are created with beautiful simple and clean lines, and are vividly stitched in various poses. Crossing stitch, counted thread stitch and batik are used. A complete set of a Gejia Miao costume consists of a hat, top, vest, bellyband, belt, pleated skirt and leggings. As the bellyband is an important and integral part of the Gejia costume, the embroidery on it is traditionally the densest, most glamourous and exquisite.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰以紅和藍為主要配色，是亻革家刺繡和蠟染完美結合的作品，幾何紋飾豐富，蝴蝶紋樣線條簡潔流暢，千姿百態，靈動可愛。此圍腰運用了挑花、數紗繡和蠟染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛裝服飾由帽子，上衣，馬甲，圍腰，腰帶，百褶裙和綁腿構成。圍腰是亻革家服飾的重要組成部分，因此圍腰的刺繡最為集中，精美華麗。 </text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，在大几何纹内兼有勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern in big geomatry pattern，雷纹 Fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的图纹是排列整齐的八角形，每个八角形图案由勾云纹、雷纹组合而成。除了由八角形组成的主体，背带边缘亦绣有几何蝴蝶纹样。此背带运用了双针锁绣和数纱绣。由于勾云纹，雷纹常用于青铜器的制作纹样，所以当这样的纹样出现在刺绣中时，带给人们一种柔中见刚的视觉冲击，能感受到这个苗族分支刚毅的性情。此件藏品年代久远，工艺精巧，保存完整，颜色艳丽，是同时期的上乘之作。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: double-thread chain stitch and counted thread stitch. The belt is decorated with regularly arranged octagram patterns. Each octagon is composed of Chinese cloud and thunder patterns with geometric butterfly patterns stitched around the edges. As Chinese cloud and thunder patterns often appear on bronzeware, when such patterns are embroidered, it offers a visual aesthetic that delicately balances strength and softness and gives an insight into the fortitude of the Miao people. This belt is well preserved, rich in history, intricately created and vibrantly coloured. It is a remarkable piece of art. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的圖紋是排列整齊的八角形，每個八角形圖案由勾雲紋、雷紋組合而成。除了由八角形組成的主體，背帶邊緣亦繡有幾何蝴蝶紋樣。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡和數紗繡。由於勾雲紋，雷紋常用於青銅器的製作紋樣，所以當這樣的紋樣出現在刺繡中時，帶給人們一種柔中見剛的視覺衝擊，能感受到這個苗族分支剛毅的性情。此件藏品年代久遠，工藝精巧，保存完整，顏色艷麗，是同時期的上乘之作。 </text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#55</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，各种几何蝴蝶纹 Different geomatric butterfly patterns，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的刺绣呈几何形状，以蝴蝶纹为中心，脊宇鸟纹对称分布在左右侧。此背带运用了数纱绣。刺绣的技艺十分精巧别致，图案灵动可爱，突显苗族人民对大自然的热爱和对生命的崇敬。背带是少数民族妇女背小孩时使用的用具，苗族会将背带制作得很精美，这是母爱最直接的表现。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: decorated with geometrical patterns with butterfly pattern at the centre and divine bird patterns symmetrically distributed on the left and right flanks. Counted thread stitch is used. Embroidery techniques used on this belt are intricate, the patterns are lively and reflect the Miao’s love of nature and their respectful attitude to life. Miao women make these exquisite carrying belts as a direct demonstration of motherly love.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的刺繡呈幾何形狀，以蝴蝶紋為中心，脊宇鳥紋對稱分佈在左右側。此背帶運用了數紗繡。刺繡的技藝十分精巧別緻，圖案靈動可愛，突顯苗族人民對大自然的熱愛和對生命的崇敬。背帶是少數民族婦女背小孩時使用的用具，苗族會將背帶製作得很精美，這是母愛最直接的表現。 </text>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/11"&gt;黄平苗族背带 Huangping The Miao Baby Carrying Belt (496#)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县 Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping  County</text>
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                <text>白领苗背带 The Bailing Miao Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------patchwork-stitch"&gt;拼贴绣 Patchwork stitch&lt;/a&gt;，大菱形图案 Rhombic pattern，勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带中心绣有红色的大菱形图案，将勾云纹和抽象蝴蝶纹分饰内外。上方的贴布和外围的绣线也呼应红色和金色的配色，与黑色底色对比鲜明。此背带使用了拼贴绣。图案分布均匀有致，美观精巧。精美的刺绣不仅体现了当时制作者超高的技艺，也反映出她们丰富的想象力和对生活的热爱。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: black with a large rhombus-shaped red pattern stitched on the centre back. Both the inside and outside of the rhombus are decorated with Chinese cloud and butterfly-like patterns. The appliqué in the top area and the embroidery threads of the surrounding periphery are consistent with the red and gold colour theme, which beautifully contrasts with the black base of the carrying belt. Patchwork stitch is used and the patterns are evenly distributed, intricate and beautiful. The exquisite embroidery embodies the masterful craftsmanship of its creators, and also reflects a rich imagination and passion towards life.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶中心繡有紅色的大菱形圖案，將勾雲紋和抽象蝴蝶紋分飾內外。上方的貼佈和外圍的繡線也呼應紅色和金色的配色，與黑色底色對比鮮明。此背帶使用了拼貼繡。圖案分佈均勻有致，美觀精巧。精美的刺繡不僅體現了當時製作者超高的技藝，也反映出她們豐富的想像力和對生活的熱愛。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-白领苗 The Miao - Bailing Miao</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/9"&gt;白领苗背带 The Bailing Miao Baby Carrying Belt (#485)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>#488</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>丹寨县复兴乡 Danzhai County Fuxing Town</text>
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