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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>白领苗背带 The Bailing Miao Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Flat stitch&lt;/a&gt;，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，脊宇鸟纹 Divine bird pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带在黑色底布上绣有大面积的蝴蝶纹和脊宇鸟纹，这两个图案皆常见于苗族刺绣、蜡染和织锦，表达了对祖先的崇敬与缅怀。此背带运用了平绣。在苗族的传说中，蝴蝶和脊宇鸟是生育和哺育自己的祖先。《枫木歌》描述道：从树心里生出「妹榜妹留」，妹榜妹留指的就是蝴蝶。蝴蝶逐渐长大，生下十二个蛋，由脊宇鸟抱了16年，孵出了雷公、水龙、老虎、水牛、蜈蚣、老蛇和苗族的祖先——姜央。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: flat stitch with a large area of embroidered butterfly and divine bird patterns. Butterfly and divine bird patterns are frequently found in Miao embroidery, batik and brocade and are implicated with veneration of the dead. According to the myths of the Miao, butterflies and divine birds are the ancestors who gave birth to and nursed the Miao. As described in the Maple Song: Mais Bangx Mais Lief (Mother butterfly) is born from the pith of the tree. Mais Bangx Mais Lief refers to a butterfly which gradually grew and gave birth to twelve eggs. The twelve eggs were then incubated by the divine bird for 16 years. The gods of thunder, water dragon, tiger, buffalo, centipede, the old serpent and ancestors of the Miao- Jangx Vangb hatched from the eggs.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶在黑色底布上繡有大面積的蝴蝶紋和脊宇鳥紋，這兩個圖案皆常見於苗族刺繡、蠟染和織錦，表達了對祖先的崇敬與緬懷。此背帶運用了平繡。在苗族的傳說中，蝴蝶和脊宇鳥是生育和哺育自己的祖先。《楓木歌》描述道：從樹心裡生出「妹榜妹留」，妹榜妹留指的就是蝴蝶。蝴蝶逐漸長大，生下十二個蛋，由脊宇鳥抱了16年，孵出了雷公、水龍、老虎、水牛、蜈蚣、老蛇和苗族的祖先——姜央。</text>
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                <text>苗族-白领苗 The Miao - Bailing Miao</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>丹寨县复兴乡 Danzhai County Fuxing Town</text>
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                <text>白领苗背带 The Bailing Miao Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------patchwork-stitch"&gt;拼贴绣 Patchwork stitch&lt;/a&gt;，大菱形图案 Rhombic pattern，勾云纹 Chinese cloud pattern，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带中心绣有红色的大菱形图案，将勾云纹和抽象蝴蝶纹分饰内外。上方的贴布和外围的绣线也呼应红色和金色的配色，与黑色底色对比鲜明。此背带使用了拼贴绣。图案分布均匀有致，美观精巧。精美的刺绣不仅体现了当时制作者超高的技艺，也反映出她们丰富的想象力和对生活的热爱。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: black with a large rhombus-shaped red pattern stitched on the centre back. Both the inside and outside of the rhombus are decorated with Chinese cloud and butterfly-like patterns. The appliqué in the top area and the embroidery threads of the surrounding periphery are consistent with the red and gold colour theme, which beautifully contrasts with the black base of the carrying belt. Patchwork stitch is used and the patterns are evenly distributed, intricate and beautiful. The exquisite embroidery embodies the masterful craftsmanship of its creators, and also reflects a rich imagination and passion towards life.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶中心繡有紅色的大菱形圖案，將勾雲紋和抽象蝴蝶紋分飾內外。上方的貼佈和外圍的繡線也呼應紅色和金色的配色，與黑色底色對比鮮明。此背帶使用了拼貼繡。圖案分佈均勻有致，美觀精巧。精美的刺繡不僅體現了當時製作者超高的技藝，也反映出她們豐富的想像力和對生活的熱愛。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-白领苗 The Miao - Bailing Miao</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/9"&gt;白领苗背带 The Bailing Miao Baby Carrying Belt (#485)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------flat-stitch"&gt;平绣 Plain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，各式蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，团花纹 &lt;span&gt;Roundish floret pattern&lt;/span&gt;，勾云纹Chinese cloud pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带的上侧和中心部分饰有红色刺绣，与黑色底布形成鲜明的颜色对比。此背带运用了平绣和叠绣。团花纹的蝴蝶纹对称分布，构图细致。蝴蝶纹的刺绣十分仔细，包括触角、身体和带花纹的翅膀，造型栩栩如生，凸显她们对生命高超的观察力，以及对大自然的热爱。背带是少数民族妇女背小孩时使用的用具，苗族会将背带制作得很精美，这是母爱最直接的表现。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: mainly black with red embroidery to produce a stark colour contrast. Flat stitch and stack stitch are used. Various butterfly patterns are symmetrically distributed at the centre. Embroidered butterflies are meticulously and realistically detailed, with antennas, bodies and wings with patterns. Such attention to detail and realism reveals the superior observation skills of the Miao women, and demonstrates their love of and passion for the natural world. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. Each baby carrying belt is time consuming and laborious to make and is a beautiful expression of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶的上側和中心部分飾有紅色刺繡，與黑色底布形成鮮明的顏色對比。此背帶運用了平繡和疊繡。團花紋的蝴蝶紋對稱分佈，構圖細緻。蝴蝶紋的刺繡十分仔細，包括觸角、身體和帶花紋的翅膀，造型栩栩如生，凸顯她們對生命高超的觀察力，以及對大自然的熱愛。背帶是少數民族婦女背小孩時使用的用具，苗族會將背帶製作得很精美，這是母愛最直接的表現。</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）背扇上饰有大片的深红色刺绣，红色寓意多福吉利，十分活泼欢欣。此背扇运用了双针锁绣和数纱绣。刺绣图纹由紧密排列的八边形和矩形组成，十分对称工整。几何图形内亦绣满浅橙色的绣纹，令整幅刺绣更有立体感。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案，非常具有想象力和创造力。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia baby carrying belt: decorated with a large piece of crimson embroidery with different shades of red symbolizing good luck and giving a sense of liveliness to the carrying belt. Double thread chain stitch and counted thread stitch are used. The embroidery pattern comprises neatly arranged symmetrical octagons and rectangles. Each geometric shape is then filled with light orange embroidery, creating a three dimensional effect. The Gejia belong to a branch of the Miao, and they are renowned for their neat and exquisite batik and embroidery. With imagination and creativity, they like to use arranged geometric patterns to lay out patterns for embroidery and batik. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背扇上飾有大片的深紅色刺繡，紅色寓意多福吉利，十分活潑歡欣。此背扇運用了雙針鎖繡和數紗繡。刺繡圖紋由緊密排列的八邊形和矩形組成，十分對稱工整。幾何圖形內亦繡滿淺橙色的繡紋，令整幅刺繡更有立體感。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案，非常具有想像力和創造力。</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>イ革家苗族围腰 The Miao - Gejia Bellyband </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，八角星纹 Octagram pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰整体呈鲜红色，鲜艳夺目、吉祥活泼，四个八角星图纹整齐排列，里面套有回纹。此围腰运用了挑花和数纱绣。八角星里套回纹是该件藏品的最大特色，此图案的起源于早期陶器，盛级两宋时期。回纹的形状如「回」字，故以之命名，寓意富贵永长，祥瑞如意。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao - Gejia bellyband:  a piece in bright red that is dazzling, auspicious and lively. The four octagonal star patterns are neatly arranged, each decorated with circular-letter patterns. Crossing stitch and counted thread stitch are used. The octagonal stars inlaid with circular-letter patterns are a major feature of this bellyband. This type of pattern first originated in early pottery and was at its prime during the Song Dynasty. The circular-letter pattern resembles the Chinese character “回”, which is also why its Chinese name connotes prosperity, longevity and good luck. The Gejia people are famed for their neat and exquisite batik and embroidery as well as their love of using geometric patterns to lay out embroidery and batik.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰整體呈鮮紅色，鮮豔奪目、吉祥活潑，四個八角星圖紋整齊排列，裡面套有迴紋。此圍腰運用了挑花和數紗繡。八角星裡套迴紋是該件藏品的最大特色，此圖案的起源於早期陶器，盛級兩宋時期。迴紋的形狀如「回」字，故以之命名，寓意富貴永長，祥瑞如意。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>イ革家刺绣马甲 The Gejia Embroidered Vest</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，由雷纹勾勒出的各式几何蝴蝶图案 Geometric butterfly pattern outlined by fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）马甲上绣有放射状的矩形，方格内布满延绵不断的绣纹，威风飒爽，红黑相间的鲜明对比更添气势。此马甲运用了双针锁绣，数纱绣和叠绣。传说亻革家苗族是后羿的后人，族人皆有豪气干云之气概。马甲是盛装服饰极其重要的组成部分，款式类似古代战士的护身铠甲，少女穿于身上增添了不少英武之气。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia embroidered vest: composed of concentric rectangles with continuous embroidery patterns within each rectangle. Complementary colours of red and black add to the imposing stance of this truly awe-inspiring piece. Double thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and stack stitch are used. Legend maintains that the Gejia Miao people are descendants of the Houyi. Therefore, people of this tribe are all said to have a heroic spirit. Akin to the body armour worn by ancient warriors, this vest is an essential piece of the Gejia costume and whoever wears it, even young girls, are thought to exude valour and bravery.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）馬甲上繡有放射狀的矩形，方格內佈滿延綿不斷的繡紋，威風颯爽，紅黑相間的鮮明對比更添氣勢。此馬甲運用了雙針鎖繡，數紗繡和疊繡。傳說亻革家苗族是后羿的後人，族人皆有豪氣乾雲之氣概。馬甲是盛裝服飾極其重要的組成部分，款式類似古代戰士的護身鎧甲，少女穿於身上增添了不少英武之氣。 </text>
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                <text>（简）蜡染片以大圆形和边缘的直线作构图框架，再在空白位置绘以精致整齐的图纹。此蜡染片运用了蜡染的制作方法。用蜡液在自织的白布上精心绘上图案，然后在蓝靛缸里浸染几次后捞出，放在锅里用开水煮去蜡质，再用水清洗浮色，即呈现出各种白色图案。漩涡纹是出现较早的中国传统纹样之一，被认为是中国传统纹样审美思想和造型意识的起源。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Batik fabric: composition is framed with large circles and straight lines at the edges. Blank space is decorated with neat and intricate patterns. The fabric is made using the batik technique,   a  process that uses melted  beeswax.  Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. The spiral pattern is one of the earliest traditional Chinese patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟染片以大圓形和邊緣的直線作構圖框架，再在空白位置繪以精緻整齊的圖紋。此蠟染片運用了蠟染的製作方法。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。漩渦紋是出現較早的中國傳統紋樣之一，被認為是中國傳統紋樣審美思想和造型意識的起源。 </text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>（简）儿童裤的深蓝底色和白色图纹分布平均，一丝不苟，简约低调。连绵不断的蜡染纹样随性简朴，细看则察其做工精巧。此儿童裤运用了蜡染的制作方法。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。蜡染的工艺十分费工费时，精致的图案突显制制作者之用心，把代代相传的传统工艺发扬光大。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia children’s pants: dark blue base colour with evenly distributed white patterns. The design is meticulous, simple and low-key. Although the continuous batik patterns are simple, a closer look reveals the high level of craftsmanship that has gone into making them. Batik is the main technique used to produce these pants. Batik involves wax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional art that has been used by the Miao people for thousands of years. Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. The art of batik has been passed down through many generations. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）兒童褲的深藍底色和白色圖紋分佈平均，一絲不苟，簡約低調。連綿不斷的蠟染紋樣隨性簡樸，細看則察其做工精巧。此兒童褲運用了蠟染的製作方法。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。蠟染的工藝十分費工費時，精緻的圖案突顯制製作者之用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-edge-chain-st"&gt;双边锁绣 Double-edge chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，菊花 Chrysanthemum pattern，连珠纹 Beads pattern，水波纹 Water wave pattern，漩涡纹 Spiral pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）蜡染衣风格古朴，手袖以红色方格纹点缀，令整体颜色更具亮点和有活力。蜡染衣的底色呈现蜡染独具的纹理，与白色纹样形成对比。此蜡染衣运用了双边锁绣、蜡染和数纱绣。蜡染花纹细致精巧，菊花图案连续对称，工整细腻，色彩浓郁。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia batik clothes: quaint and simple, using double-edge chain stitch, batik and counted thread stitch. Sleeves are adorned with red checkered patterns, making the overall colour more vibrant and eye-catching. The base colour of the batik clothes reveals the unique texture of batik and contrasts beautifully with the white pattern. The batik patterns are exquisite, with neat symmetrical chrysanthemum patterns in rich colours. Gejia is a subgroup of the Miao and the batik and embroideries made by the Gejia are especially neat and intricate. Gejia love to use regularly arranged geometric patterns for their embroidery and batik. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟染衣風格古樸，手袖以紅色方格紋點綴，令整體顏色更具亮點和有活力。蠟染衣的底色呈現蠟染獨具的紋理，與白色紋樣形成對比。此蠟染衣運用了雙邊鎖繡、蠟染和數紗繡。蠟染花紋細緻精巧，菊花圖案連續對稱，工整細膩，色彩濃郁。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案。 </text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/items/show/6"&gt;亻革家蜡染衣 The Gejia Batik Cloth (#325)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>亻革家围腰 The Gejia Bellyband </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern，连珠纹 Beads pattern，水波纹 Water wave pattern，钩藤纹 Hook rattan pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰以红和蓝为主要配色，是亻革家刺绣和蜡染完美结合的作品，几何纹饰丰富，蝴蝶纹样线条简洁流畅，千姿百态，灵动可爱。此围腰运用了挑花、数纱绣和蜡染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛装服饰由帽子，上衣，马甲，围腰，腰带，百褶裙和绑腿构成。围腰是亻革家服饰的重要组成部分，因此围腰的刺绣最为集中，精美华丽。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) The Gejia bellyband: mostly in red and blue, this bellyband is a perfect combination of Gejia embroidery and batik. It is rich in geometric patterns. Butterfly patterns are created with beautiful simple and clean lines, and are vividly stitched in various poses. Crossing stitch, counted thread stitch and batik are used. A complete set of a Gejia Miao costume consists of a hat, top, vest, bellyband, belt, pleated skirt and leggings. As the bellyband is an important and integral part of the Gejia costume, the embroidery on it is traditionally the densest, most glamourous and exquisite.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰以紅和藍為主要配色，是亻革家刺繡和蠟染完美結合的作品，幾何紋飾豐富，蝴蝶紋樣線條簡潔流暢，千姿百態，靈動可愛。此圍腰運用了挑花、數紗繡和蠟染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛裝服飾由帽子，上衣，馬甲，圍腰，腰帶，百褶裙和綁腿構成。圍腰是亻革家服飾的重要組成部分，因此圍腰的刺繡最為集中，精美華麗。 </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="215">
                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216">
                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="217">
                <text>#62</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="218">
                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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