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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>イ革家刺绣马甲 The Gejia Embroidered Vest</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------stack-stitch"&gt;叠绣 Stack stitch&lt;/a&gt;，由雷纹勾勒出的各式几何蝴蝶图案 Geometric butterfly pattern outlined by fret pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）马甲上绣有放射状的矩形，方格内布满延绵不断的绣纹，威风飒爽，红黑相间的鲜明对比更添气势。此马甲运用了双针锁绣，数纱绣和叠绣。传说亻革家苗族是后羿的后人，族人皆有豪气干云之气概。马甲是盛装服饰极其重要的组成部分，款式类似古代战士的护身铠甲，少女穿于身上增添了不少英武之气。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia embroidered vest: composed of concentric rectangles with continuous embroidery patterns within each rectangle. Complementary colours of red and black add to the imposing stance of this truly awe-inspiring piece. Double thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and stack stitch are used. Legend maintains that the Gejia Miao people are descendants of the Houyi. Therefore, people of this tribe are all said to have a heroic spirit. Akin to the body armour worn by ancient warriors, this vest is an essential piece of the Gejia costume and whoever wears it, even young girls, are thought to exude valour and bravery.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）馬甲上繡有放射狀的矩形，方格內佈滿延綿不斷的繡紋，威風颯爽，紅黑相間的鮮明對比更添氣勢。此馬甲運用了雙針鎖繡，數紗繡和疊繡。傳說亻革家苗族是后羿的後人，族人皆有豪氣乾雲之氣概。馬甲是盛裝服飾極其重要的組成部分，款式類似古代戰士的護身鎧甲，少女穿於身上增添了不少英武之氣。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#749</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>イ革家苗族围腰 The Miao - Gejia Bellyband </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，八角星纹 Octagram pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰整体呈鲜红色，鲜艳夺目、吉祥活泼，四个八角星图纹整齐排列，里面套有回纹。此围腰运用了挑花和数纱绣。八角星里套回纹是该件藏品的最大特色，此图案的起源于早期陶器，盛级两宋时期。回纹的形状如「回」字，故以之命名，寓意富贵永长，祥瑞如意。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Miao - Gejia bellyband:  a piece in bright red that is dazzling, auspicious and lively. The four octagonal star patterns are neatly arranged, each decorated with circular-letter patterns. Crossing stitch and counted thread stitch are used. The octagonal stars inlaid with circular-letter patterns are a major feature of this bellyband. This type of pattern first originated in early pottery and was at its prime during the Song Dynasty. The circular-letter pattern resembles the Chinese character “回”, which is also why its Chinese name connotes prosperity, longevity and good luck. The Gejia people are famed for their neat and exquisite batik and embroidery as well as their love of using geometric patterns to lay out embroidery and batik.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰整體呈鮮紅色，鮮豔奪目、吉祥活潑，四個八角星圖紋整齊排列，裡面套有迴紋。此圍腰運用了挑花和數紗繡。八角星裡套迴紋是該件藏品的最大特色，此圖案的起源於早期陶器，盛級兩宋時期。迴紋的形狀如「回」字，故以之命名，寓意富貴永長，祥瑞如意。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>上世纪50年代 Last century 50s</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>2. 织锦 Weaving</text>
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                <text>丛江苗族织锦头帕 Congjiang Miao Brocade Headscarf </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------brocade"&gt;素锦 Plain brocade&lt;/a&gt;，几何纹 Geometric pattern，几何蝴蝶纹 Geometric butterfly pattern，几何花纹 Geometric flower pattern，曲折纹 Zigzag pattern，回纹 Circular-letter pattern，菱纹 Rhombic pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）织锦头帕为长形的白色织物，上面织有黑色的图纹，主要为几何图案，如几何蝴蝶纹、菱纹、曲折纹等等。此织锦头帕运用了素锦的制作技艺。藏品的独特之处在于图案设计，整张头帕都由若干小段的几何纹组合而成，每一段都用了不同的图案，饰纹丰富多样。除了可见制作者之工艺精湛，亦在织锦图案方面极富创造力。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Congjiang Miao brocade headscarf: a long piece of white garment with woven black patterns. The patterns are rich and varied, mainly geometric and include butterflies, rhombus and zigzag patterns. Plain brocade is used. The uniqueness of the headscarf is in its pattern design. The whole headscarf is composed of several small sections of geometric patterns, each section with a different pattern. The creator of this headscarf possessed exceptional craftsmanship and creativity in designing brocade patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）織錦頭帕為長形的白色織物，上面織有黑色的圖紋，主要為幾何圖案，如幾何蝴蝶紋、菱紋、曲折紋等等。此織錦頭帕運用了素錦的製作技藝。藏品的獨特之處在於圖案設計，整張頭帕都由若干小段的幾何紋組合而成，每一段都用了不同的圖案，飾紋豐富多樣。除了可見製作者之工藝精湛，亦在織錦圖案方面極富創造力。&#13;
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州从江县 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Congjiang County</text>
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                  <text>1. 蜡染 Dyeing</text>
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                <text>亻革家儿童裤 The Gejia Children Pants</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，钩藤 Hook rattan，卷草 Curling grass</text>
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                <text>（简）儿童裤的深蓝底色和白色图纹分布平均，一丝不苟，简约低调。连绵不断的蜡染纹样随性简朴，细看则察其做工精巧。此儿童裤运用了蜡染的制作方法。蜡染即蜡画和染色，是延续千年的民间传统工艺。蜡染的工艺十分费工费时，精致的图案突显制制作者之用心，把代代相传的传统工艺发扬光大。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia children’s pants: dark blue base colour with evenly distributed white patterns. The design is meticulous, simple and low-key. Although the continuous batik patterns are simple, a closer look reveals the high level of craftsmanship that has gone into making them. Batik is the main technique used to produce these pants. Batik involves wax drawing and dyeing and is a traditional art that has been used by the Miao people for thousands of years. Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. The art of batik has been passed down through many generations. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）兒童褲的深藍底色和白色圖紋分佈平均，一絲不苟，簡約低調。連綿不斷的蠟染紋樣隨性簡樸，細看則察其做工精巧。此兒童褲運用了蠟染的製作方法。蠟染即蠟畫和染色，是延續千年的民間傳統工藝。蠟染的工藝十分費工費時，精緻的圖案突顯制製作者之用心，把代代相傳的傳統工藝發揚光大。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                  <text>3. 刺绣 Embroidery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，挑花 Crossing stitch</text>
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                <text>（简）刺绣背带上饰有大片的深红色刺绣，红色寓意多福吉利，十分活泼欢欣。此刺绣背心运用了数纱绣 、双针锁绣和挑花。刺绣图纹由紧密排列的八边形和矩形组成，十分对称工整。几何图形内亦绣满浅橙色的绣纹，令整幅刺绣更有立体感。亻革家属于苗族的一个分支，蜡染和刺绣都特别工整细腻，喜用排列的几何纹来布局刺绣和蜡染图案，非常具有想象力和创造力。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Gejia baby carrying belt: decorated with large pieces of maroon embroidery. The colour red is lively and joyful, and symbolizes auspiciousness. Counted thread stitch, double-thread chain stitch and crossing stitch are used. Embroidery patterns are composed of closely arranged and symmetrically neat octagons and rectangles. Light orange patterns are also embroidered within the geometric shapes, generating a three dimensional effect. The Gejia is a branch of the Miao and are famous for their neat and delicate batik and embroidery. The Gejia use geometric patterns for their embroidery and batik with great imagination and creativity.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）刺繡背帶上飾有大片的深紅色刺繡，紅色寓意多福吉利，十分活潑歡欣。此刺繡背心運用了數紗繡 、雙針鎖繡和挑花。刺繡圖紋由緊密排列的八邊形和矩形組成，十分對稱工整。幾何圖形內亦繡滿淺橙色的繡紋，令整幅刺繡更有立體感。亻革家屬於苗族的一個分支，蠟染和刺繡都特別工整細膩，喜用排列的幾何紋來佈局刺繡和蠟染圖案，非常具有想像力和創造力。</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>苗族 The Miao</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>民国 Republic of China</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>#1428</text>
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                <text>贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黄平县重安镇 Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Huangping County Chongan Town</text>
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                <text>亻革家围腰 The Gejia Bellyband </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------crossing-stitch"&gt;挑花 Crossing stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------counted-thread-stitc"&gt;数纱绣 Counted thread stitch&lt;/a&gt;，&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------batik"&gt;蜡染 Batik&lt;/a&gt;，抽象蝴蝶纹 Abstract butterfly pattern，连珠纹 Beads pattern，水波纹 Water wave pattern，钩藤纹 Hook rattan pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）围腰以红和蓝为主要配色，是亻革家刺绣和蜡染完美结合的作品，几何纹饰丰富，蝴蝶纹样线条简洁流畅，千姿百态，灵动可爱。此围腰运用了挑花、数纱绣和蜡染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛装服饰由帽子，上衣，马甲，围腰，腰带，百褶裙和绑腿构成。围腰是亻革家服饰的重要组成部分，因此围腰的刺绣最为集中，精美华丽。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) The Gejia bellyband: mostly in red and blue, this bellyband is a perfect combination of Gejia embroidery and batik. It is rich in geometric patterns. Butterfly patterns are created with beautiful simple and clean lines, and are vividly stitched in various poses. Crossing stitch, counted thread stitch and batik are used. A complete set of a Gejia Miao costume consists of a hat, top, vest, bellyband, belt, pleated skirt and leggings. As the bellyband is an important and integral part of the Gejia costume, the embroidery on it is traditionally the densest, most glamourous and exquisite.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）圍腰以紅和藍為主要配色，是亻革家刺繡和蠟染完美結合的作品，幾何紋飾豐富，蝴蝶紋樣線條簡潔流暢，千姿百態，靈動可愛。此圍腰運用了挑花、數紗繡和蠟染。亻革家苗族分支的一套盛裝服飾由帽子，上衣，馬甲，圍腰，腰帶，百褶裙和綁腿構成。圍腰是亻革家服飾的重要組成部分，因此圍腰的刺繡最為集中，精美華麗。 </text>
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                <text>苗族-亻革家 The Miao - Gejia</text>
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                <text>晚清 Late Qing Dynasty</text>
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                <text>贵州兰妈妈多彩衣妆苗绣博物馆馆藏 Lanmama Museum Collection</text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
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                <text>亻革家老背带 The Gejia Baby Carrying Belt</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lanmama.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/embroidery-technique/----------double-thread-chain-"&gt;双针锁绣 Double-thread chain stitch&lt;/a&gt;，数纱绣 Counted thread embroidery，蝴蝶纹 Butterfly pattern，几何纹 Geometric pattern</text>
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                <text>（简）背带主要采用了橘色和深蓝色，刺绣图案则为同等大小的小方块，每个小方块内皆饰有对称分布的抽象蝴蝶纹。外围则有线条简洁、流畅的蝴蝶纹，构图工整细致。此背带运用了双针锁绣和数纱绣。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作，是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分。每件背带的制作都相当耗时耗工，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: orange and dark blue and embroidery made with small squares of equal sizes. The central part is dissected into squares of equal size with symmetrically distributed abstract butterfly patterns. The periphery is composed of uniform neat, simple and fluid butterfly patterns. Double needle working stitch and counted thread stitch are used. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are usually produced with artisan techniques such as batik, brocade and embroidery and are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture. Each baby carrying belt is time consuming and laborious to make and the intricately finished belt is a beautiful expression of a mother’s deep love and future hopes for her child.  &#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶主要採用了橘色和深藍色，刺繡圖案則為同等大小的小方塊，每個小方塊內皆飾有對稱分佈的抽象蝴蝶紋。外圍則有線條簡潔、流暢的蝴蝶紋，構圖工整細緻。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡和數紗繡。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作，是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分。每件背帶的製作都相當耗時耗工，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="p1"&gt;（简）该亻革家蜡染背扇最大特色就是菱形蜡染小方片与菱形刺绣小方片交叉，对称排列。蜡染与刺绣相结合制作绣花衣也是苗族此分支的一大特色，刺绣与蜡染皆小巧，图案细腻，工整。背带运用了双针锁绣、数纱绣和蜡染。多元化的制作技艺凸显制作者功力深厚，能将不同技法融会贯通，从而制作藏品。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作，是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(ENG) Baby carrying belt: significant feature composed by the diamond-shaped batik squares and the embroidery squares crossed and arranged symmetrically. The combination of batik and embroidery in making embroidered clothes is also a major feature of this branch of the Miao. The embroidery and batik are both delicate, with neat and meticulous patterns.&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Double-thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and batik are used. The use of diverse techniques highlights the profound skills of the producer and the ability to integrate different techniques in producing the collection. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are made to exceptionally high craftsmanship standards using batik, brocade and embroidery techniques. Baby carrying belts are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture, and are beautiful displays of the ways in which mothers express their deep love and hopes for their children.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;（繁）該亻革家蠟染背扇最大特色就是菱形蠟染小方片與菱形刺繡小方片交叉，對稱排列。蠟染與刺繡相結合製作繡花衣也是苗族此分支的一大特色，刺繡與蠟染皆小巧，圖案細膩，工整。背帶運用了雙針鎖繡、數紗繡和蠟染。多元化的製作技藝凸顯製作者功力深厚，能將不同技法融會貫通，從而製作藏品。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作，是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝愿。&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>（简）背带上饰有大小一致的方块图案，金色和红色的绣線為背带添吉祥之意。背带上附有黑色带子，皆有精致的刺绣。此背带运用了双针锁绣、数纱绣和蜡染。浅色的绣线把图案延伸，由规律编排变成梅花间竹的花纹，多元化的纹样令质感更丰富。背带是少数民族背小孩的工具，常用蜡染，织锦，刺绣工艺来制作。背带是贵州少数民族服饰文化中非常重要的一部分，表达着母亲对孩子深深的爱和美好祝愿。 &#13;
&#13;
(ENG) Baby carrying belt: decorated with uniform squares. Golden yellow and red embroidery threads are an expression of auspiciousness. It is sewn with intricately embroidered black straps using double-thread chain stitch, counted thread stitch and batik. Pale coloured embroidery thread is used to extend the overall design from regularly arranged to alternating patterns with plum blossom and bamboo, creating a rich and diversified texture. Baby carrying belts are used by ethnic minorities to swaddle their babies. They are made to exceptionally high craftsmanship standards using batik, brocade and embroidery techniques. Baby carrying belts are a crucial part of the Guizhou ethnic minority clothing culture and are beautiful displays of the ways in which mothers express their deep love and hopes for their children.&#13;
&#13;
（繁）背帶上飾有大小一致的方塊圖案，金色和紅色的繡線為背帶添吉祥之意。背帶上附有黑色帶子，皆有精緻的刺繡。此背帶運用了雙針鎖繡、數紗繡和蠟染。淺色的繡線把圖案延伸，由規律編排變成梅花間竹的花紋，多元化的紋樣令質感更豐富。背帶是少數民族背小孩的工具，常用蠟染，織錦，刺繡工藝來製作。背帶是貴州少數民族服飾文化中非常重要的一部分，表達著母親對孩子深深的愛和美好祝願。 </text>
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&#13;
(ENG) Batik fabric: composition is framed with large circles and straight lines at the edges. Blank space is decorated with neat and intricate patterns. The fabric is made using the batik technique,   a  process that uses melted  beeswax.  Creating a batik piece of clothing is time consuming, labour intensive and takes great skill. Firstly, wax is used to draw intricate patterns on self-weaved white cloth. The cloth is then immersed several times into a barrel of indigo blue dye and taken out, boiled to remove excess wax, and washed with water to reveal diverse white patterns. The spiral pattern is one of the earliest traditional Chinese patterns. &#13;
&#13;
（繁）蠟染片以大圓形和邊緣的直線作構圖框架，再在空白位置繪以精緻整齊的圖紋。此蠟染片運用了蠟染的製作方法。用蠟液在自織的白布上精心繪上圖案，然後在藍靛缸里浸染幾次後撈出，放在鍋裡用開水煮去蠟質，再用水清洗浮色，即呈現出各種白色圖案。漩渦紋是出現較早的中國傳統紋樣之一，被認為是中國傳統紋樣審美思想和造型意識的起源。 </text>
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                <text>黄平县重安镇 Huangping County Chongan Town </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
